Question 1

When looking at a single-stranded piece of DNA,

Accepted Answer

A)  G will always be next to C. 
B)  G will always be next to G. 
C)  G will sometimes be next to T. 
D)  G will never be next to A. 
A)  G will always be next to C. 
B)  G will always be next to G. 
C)  G will sometimes be next to T. 
D)  G will never be next to A.

Question 2

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)technique could be developed only after the discovery of bacterial enzymes that were able to withstand high temperatures.Why was it necessary to use such enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only bacterial DNA can be copied using the PCR method, so bacterial enzymes were necessary. 
B)  Bacterial enzymes can bind to DNA outside of a cell. 
C)  DNA can be cut into fragments only at high temperatures. 
D)  The temperature required to separate DNA strands during PCR degrades other enzymes. 
A)  Only bacterial DNA can be copied using the PCR method, so bacterial enzymes were necessary. 
B)  Bacterial enzymes can bind to DNA outside of a cell. 
C)  DNA can be cut into fragments only at high temperatures. 
D)  The temperature required to separate DNA strands during PCR degrades other enzymes.

Question 3

Viral DNA that has entered the pig genome and remains active is passed from generation to generation through

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations. 
B)  histone proteins. 
C)  DNA replication. 
D)  CRISPR-Cas9. 
A)  mutations. 
B)  histone proteins. 
C)  DNA replication. 
D)  CRISPR-Cas9.

Question 4

Are mutations always harmful? Justify your answer using an example.

Accepted Answer

Mutations are not always harmful.A mutat

Question 5

Targeting the pol gene in pig DNA works to remove the 62 porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)genes because the pol gene is typically ________ in all 62 copies of PERV genes and ________ in other pig genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  lacking; present 
B)  present; present 
C)  present; lacking 
D)  lacking; lacking 
A)  lacking; present 
B)  present; present 
C)  present; lacking 
D)  lacking; lacking

Question 6

If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 20 percent adenine (A),how much of it is cytosine (C)?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  40 percent 
D)  60 percent 
A)  20 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  40 percent 
D)  60 percent

Question 7

The significance of specific base pairing in DNA is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it stabilizes the sugar molecule. 
B)  it provides a method for making exact copies of DNA. 
C)  it prevents errors in DNA replication. 
D)  protein copies can be made directly from the DNA. 
A)  it stabilizes the sugar molecule. 
B)  it provides a method for making exact copies of DNA. 
C)  it prevents errors in DNA replication. 
D)  protein copies can be made directly from the DNA.

Question 8

When examining the two complementary strands of nucleotides in one DNA molecule,it would be expected that the sum of ________ in one strand would be ________ the sum of the ________ in the other strand.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gs and Cs; equal to; Gs and Cs 
B)  Ts and As; equal to; Cs and Gs 
C)  Ts and As; greater than; Ts and As 
D)  As and Cs; less than; Ts and Gs 
A)  Gs and Cs; equal to; Gs and Cs 
B)  Ts and As; equal to; Cs and Gs 
C)  Ts and As; greater than; Ts and As 
D)  As and Cs; less than; Ts and Gs

Question 9

The order of the base pairs in a DNA molecule

Accepted Answer

A)  differs from species to species. 
B)  is identical in all organisms. 
C)  is identical in organisms of the same species. 
D)  differs from cell to cell in a given organism. 
A)  differs from species to species. 
B)  is identical in all organisms. 
C)  is identical in organisms of the same species. 
D)  differs from cell to cell in a given organism.

Question 10

Put the following in order from smallest to largest.
-This is the largest.

Accepted Answer

A) gene 
B) base 
C) nucleotide 
D) genome 
E) base pair 
A) gene 
B) base 
C) nucleotide 
D) genome 
E) base pair

Question 11

Which of the following must occur for a mismatch error to be repaired?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA repair proteins identify damaged DNA. 
B)  The sequence of nucleotides in the damaged DNA sequence guides the synthesis of the correct DNA sequence. 
C)  DNA-eating enzymes within the nucleus destroy entire strands of damaged DNA. 
D)  The damaged DNA undergoes DNA replication one more time. 
A)  DNA repair proteins identify damaged DNA. 
B)  The sequence of nucleotides in the damaged DNA sequence guides the synthesis of the correct DNA sequence. 
C)  DNA-eating enzymes within the nucleus destroy entire strands of damaged DNA. 
D)  The damaged DNA undergoes DNA replication one more time.

Question 12

In the first step of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR),the two strands of the DNA being amplified must be separated by exposing the DNA to high ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the first step of the polymerase...

Question 13

Compare the segment of DNA for normal hemoglobin DNA with the segment for sickle-cell hemoglobin DNA below.Sickle-cell disease is caused by a ________ mutation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the segment of DNA for normal...

Question 14

When studying genomes of organisms,scientists often will only list the sequence of a single strand.Explain why the sequence of the second strand would be unnecessary information.

Accepted Answer

The sequence of the second str

Question 15

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  produce many copies of a selected DNA sequence. 
B)  insert DNA from one organism into a new host. 
C)  screen for a particular gene. 
D)  deliver DNA products into a human patient. 
A)  produce many copies of a selected DNA sequence. 
B)  insert DNA from one organism into a new host. 
C)  screen for a particular gene. 
D)  deliver DNA products into a human patient.

Question 16

The difference between the alleles of a single gene is

Accepted Answer

A)  their DNA base sequences. 
B)  the way they are copied when the cell divides. 
C)  the type of lipid of which they are composed. 
D)  that they are not heritable. 
A)  their DNA base sequences. 
B)  the way they are copied when the cell divides. 
C)  the type of lipid of which they are composed. 
D)  that they are not heritable.

Question 17

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is used to generate a ________ mutation when most of the pol gene is "knocked out" and any remnants of the pol gene are nonfunctional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The CRISPR-Cas9 system is used to generate...

Question 18

It could help meet transplant needs to use a patient's own stem cells to grow a human liver in a pig embryo modified by CRISPR.As an additional and essential step in the process to ensure the liver is safe for the patient,CRISPR should be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  knock out all of the pig brain genes to prevent the pig brain cells from infecting the patient. 
B)  insert human immune cell DNA into the pig embryo to make it more similar to the patient. 
C)  insert human hemoglobin DNA into the pig embryo to make it possible for the growing pig to support the human liver. 
D)  knock out all of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) genes to prevent infection of the human patient with porcine endogenous retroviruses. 
A)  knock out all of the pig brain genes to prevent the pig brain cells from infecting the patient. 
B)  insert human immune cell DNA into the pig embryo to make it more similar to the patient. 
C)  insert human hemoglobin DNA into the pig embryo to make it possible for the growing pig to support the human liver. 
D)  knock out all of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) genes to prevent infection of the human patient with porcine endogenous retroviruses.

Question 19

A scientist uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR)to compare the sequence of a disease gene and a healthy gene.The scientist finds that these two genes are identical except for one G in place of a T at position 256 in the gene.This type of mutation is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  deletion. 
B)  insertion. 
C)  silent mutation. 
D)  substitution mutation. 
A)  deletion. 
B)  insertion. 
C)  silent mutation. 
D)  substitution mutation.

Question 20

If the human transplant patient in the figure below needs a new kidney because of a genetic mutation that has made her own kidneys nonfunctional,what additional step would need to happen to produce a functional kidney for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mutation that resulted in her nonfunctional kidneys should be edited or corrected before her stem cells are inserted into the pig embryo. 
B)  Mutated kidney genes can be easily corrected after the pig embryo begins to grow. 
C)  Nothing else needs to be done. The kidney genes in the patient's stem cells will have autocorrected themselves already. 
D)  The mutated kidney genes should be corrected after the human kidney is harvested from the pig and before it is implanted in the human. 
A)  The mutation that resulted in her nonfunctional kidneys should be edited or corrected before her stem cells are inserted into the pig embryo. 
B)  Mutated kidney genes can be easily corrected after the pig embryo begins to grow. 
C)  Nothing else needs to be done. The kidney genes in the patient's stem cells will have autocorrected themselves already. 
D)  The mutated kidney genes should be corrected after the human kidney is harvested from the pig and before it is implanted in the human.

Exam 9: What Genes Are

When looking at a single-stranded piece of DNA,

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)technique could be developed only after the discovery of bacterial enzymes that were able to withstand high temperatures.Why was it necessary to use such enzymes?

Viral DNA that has entered the pig genome and remains active is passed from generation to generation through

Are mutations always harmful? Justify your answer using an example.

Targeting the pol gene in pig DNA works to remove the 62 porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)genes because the pol gene is typically ________ in all 62 copies of PERV genes and ________ in other pig genes.

If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 20 percent adenine (A),how much of it is cytosine (C)?

The significance of specific base pairing in DNA is that

When examining the two complementary strands of nucleotides in one DNA molecule,it would be expected that the sum of ________ in one strand would be ________ the sum of the ________ in the other strand.

The order of the base pairs in a DNA molecule

Put the following in order from smallest to largest. -This is the largest.

Which of the following must occur for a mismatch error to be repaired?

In the first step of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR),the two strands of the DNA being amplified must be separated by exposing the DNA to high ________.

Compare the segment of DNA for normal hemoglobin DNA with the segment for sickle-cell hemoglobin DNA below.Sickle-cell disease is caused by a ________ mutation.

When studying genomes of organisms,scientists often will only list the sequence of a single strand.Explain why the sequence of the second strand would be unnecessary information.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is used to

The difference between the alleles of a single gene is

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is used to generate a ________ mutation when most of the pol gene is "knocked out" and any remnants of the pol gene are nonfunctional.

It could help meet transplant needs to use a patient's own stem cells to grow a human liver in a pig embryo modified by CRISPR.As an additional and essential step in the process to ensure the liver is safe for the patient,CRISPR should be used to

A scientist uses polymerase chain reaction (PCR)to compare the sequence of a disease gene and a healthy gene.The scientist finds that these two genes are identical except for one G in place of a T at position 256 in the gene.This type of mutation is a(n)

If the human transplant patient in the figure below needs a new kidney because of a genetic mutation that has made her own kidneys nonfunctional,what additional step would need to happen to produce a functional kidney for this patient?

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Filters

Targeting the pol gene in pig DNA works to remove the 62 porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)genes because the pol gene is typically in all 62 copies of PERV genes and in other pig genes.

When examining the two complementary strands of nucleotides in one DNA molecule,it would be expected that the sum of in one strand would be the sum of the in the other strand.