Exam 9: Technology and Economies

The principal technology used for obtaining plant foods by tropical foragers is the __________.

Describe the exchange practices of foraging societies. What factors affected the way exchanges took place? How would you expect these practices to change in response to cultural change?

Bronislaw Malinowski has argued that economic production and exchange in the Trobriand Islands are closely tied to the social and cultural norms of the kula exchange.

What is the most likely reason why hunter-gatherer technology is limited to simple tools made of stone, wood, and bone?

A form of exchange in which the time of repayment and the value of the return are not calculated is called generalized reciprocity.

Who wrote The Wealth of Nations and is considered the "father of modern economics"?

The substantivist approach in economics differs from the formalist view by __________.

The predominant form of economic exchange found in chiefdoms is redistribution.

Both Adam Smith and Karl Marx argued that market exchange and competition would lead to lower prices, higher profits, and increased prosperity for all segments of society.

How do property rights differ in agricultural states from those in horticulturalist societies? Support your answer with specific examples.

Today, the most industrially advanced societies have the vast majority of their people employed in the __________.

Socialism evolved as a reaction to the considerable economic inequalities that existed in capitalist societies.

Despite the domination of the peasantry by the state or landlords, the peasantry often adapted at the level of the village or community by cooperating in the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods, thus assuring that individual families did not become destitute.

The attempt to get something for nothing is called negative reciprocity.

During a potlatch among the Northwest Coast Indians, the more gifts that were given or destroyed by a chief, the higher his status.

Property rights in tribal societies are usually invested in family and other kinship groupings.

Most tribal societies that practiced monetary exchange used what is called limited-purpose money, which can be used to purchase any item or service that is desired.

Negative reciprocity is most likely to occur between __________.

A decentralized form of political economy in which autonomous patrons own the land and demand tribute from those who provide agricultural or other labor is called a(n) __________.

Capitalist societies share three basic ideals. Which of the following is one of these ideals?