Question 1

Early anthropologists, such as E. B. Tylor, suggested that incest taboos originated in order to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage alliances and cooperation between descent groups 
B)  avoid the serious consequences of genetic interbreeding 
C)  strengthen the role of patrilineal descent groups 
D)  regulate and limit sexual behavior within small communities 
A)  encourage alliances and cooperation between descent groups 
B)  avoid the serious consequences of genetic interbreeding 
C)  strengthen the role of patrilineal descent groups 
D)  regulate and limit sexual behavior within small communities A

Question 2

Personality is a combination of enculturation and biologically based predispositions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Berdache is a European term used to refer to biological males in Native American societies who __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  asserted their personal power through public displays of heterosexual prowess 
B)  chose to abstain from sex so they could focus on spiritual growth 
C)  wore female clothing and may have engaged in homosexual relationships 
D)  participated in homosexual activity only when they were preparing for war 
A)  asserted their personal power through public displays of heterosexual prowess 
B)  chose to abstain from sex so they could focus on spiritual growth 
C)  wore female clothing and may have engaged in homosexual relationships 
D)  participated in homosexual activity only when they were preparing for war C

Question 4

Margaret Mead got most of her information on the behavior of adolescents in Samoa from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  accounts of travelers and missionaries 
B)  newspaper accounts and government reports 
C)  watching ethnographic films 
D)  interviewing young women 
A)  accounts of travelers and missionaries 
B)  newspaper accounts and government reports 
C)  watching ethnographic films 
D)  interviewing young women

Question 5

How have the ideas of human personality and development introduced by Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget influenced anthropological understandings of culture and enculturation?

Accepted Answer

The ideas of human personality and devel

Question 6

Culture allows humans to adjust to a wide range of physical environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Derek Freeman argued that biological influences play a significant role in adolescent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The field of structural anthropology, founded by Claude Lévi-Strauss, has as one of its basic premises the notion that there is a "deep universal structure" to cultural phenomena. According to Lévi-Strauss, this structure is characterized by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thought in images and symbols, completely divorced from language 
B)  cognitive patterns that reflect unconscious sexual desires 
C)  the development of consciousness through personal revelations 
D)  reasoning based on the construction of contrasting pairs 
A)  thought in images and symbols, completely divorced from language 
B)  cognitive patterns that reflect unconscious sexual desires 
C)  the development of consciousness through personal revelations 
D)  reasoning based on the construction of contrasting pairs

Question 9

Claude Lévi-Strauss, in a book entitled The Savage Mind (1966), proposed that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  people in small-scale societies have different thought patterns than urban dwellers 
B)  it was impossible to compare logical systems of primitive and civilized societies 
C)  there is a universal, logical structure to all human cognition, regardless of culture 
D)  the thought systems of traditional, indigenous people were superior to our own 
A)  people in small-scale societies have different thought patterns than urban dwellers 
B)  it was impossible to compare logical systems of primitive and civilized societies 
C)  there is a universal, logical structure to all human cognition, regardless of culture 
D)  the thought systems of traditional, indigenous people were superior to our own

Question 10

The Oedipus complex proposed by Sigmund Freud suggested that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dreams reveal unconscious sexual desires 
B)  children who have grown up in the same household share sexual attractions 
C)  male children have an unconscious desire to have a sexual relationship with their mother 
D)  all human personalities are composed of an id, ego, and superego 
A)  dreams reveal unconscious sexual desires 
B)  children who have grown up in the same household share sexual attractions 
C)  male children have an unconscious desire to have a sexual relationship with their mother 
D)  all human personalities are composed of an id, ego, and superego

Question 11

Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's research on color terms lends support to the idea that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  color naming is arbitrary 
B)  color terms are biologically hard-wired 
C)  basic color terms are the same in every language 
D)  the human mind organizes reality in terms of prototypes 
A)  color naming is arbitrary 
B)  color terms are biologically hard-wired 
C)  basic color terms are the same in every language 
D)  the human mind organizes reality in terms of prototypes

Question 12

Franz Boas had a guiding influence on Margaret Mead.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The hijras of India are anatomically male at the time of their birth. However, after having their genitals surgically removed, they dress like females and engage in certain male-only activities like smoking water pipes. In Indian society, they are considered to be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  social deviants 
B)  men 
C)  women 
D)  a third gender 
A)  social deviants 
B)  men 
C)  women 
D)  a third gender

Question 14

Evolutionary psychologists have proposed that the human brain's capacity for culture developed independently from our need to adapt to the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual desire have revealed that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in all cultures, adults seek to engage in regular sexual activity 
B)  sexual desire and sexual activity are strongly conditioned by cultural practices 
C)  there are universal taboos against premarital sex 
D)  human sexual desire is greatest among people who live in the tropics 
A)  in all cultures, adults seek to engage in regular sexual activity 
B)  sexual desire and sexual activity are strongly conditioned by cultural practices 
C)  there are universal taboos against premarital sex 
D)  human sexual desire is greatest among people who live in the tropics

Question 16

Humans are considered to have no closed instincts because they __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  react automatically to loud noises 
B)  cannot avoid instinctual behavior 
C)  learn new behaviors easily 
D)  are always looking for new experiences 
A)  react automatically to loud noises 
B)  cannot avoid instinctual behavior 
C)  learn new behaviors easily 
D)  are always looking for new experiences

Question 17

Why are narratives of interest to cognitive anthropologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a means for coordinating thought processes. 
B)  They illustrate the limits of human imagination. 
C)  They represent a higher cultural evolution. 
D)  They relate unconscious desires through verbal means. 
A)  They are a means for coordinating thought processes. 
B)  They illustrate the limits of human imagination. 
C)  They represent a higher cultural evolution. 
D)  They relate unconscious desires through verbal means.

Question 18

How are children in Japan raised differently from those in the United States? What effects, if any, does this have on the personality of individuals raised in Japan? Are there differences between Eastern and Western societies with regard to the ways individuals perceive themselves relative to society? What is the evidence for your interpretation?

Accepted Answer

Children in Japan are raised with a stro

Question 19

One of the principal criticisms of the culture-and-personality school is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no evidence for a biological link between culture and personality 
B)  it tends to assume greater uniformity in personality than actually exists in society 
C)  the investigation of personality should be done by psychologists, not anthropologists 
D)  individual behavior is more important than the behavior of a whole society 
A)  there is no evidence for a biological link between culture and personality 
B)  it tends to assume greater uniformity in personality than actually exists in society 
C)  the investigation of personality should be done by psychologists, not anthropologists 
D)  individual behavior is more important than the behavior of a whole society

Question 20

According to Derek Freeman, most Samoans had puritanical views toward sexuality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Early anthropologists, such as E. B. Tylor, suggested that incest taboos originated in order to __________.

Personality is a combination of enculturation and biologically based predispositions.

Berdache is a European term used to refer to biological males in Native American societies who __________.

Margaret Mead got most of her information on the behavior of adolescents in Samoa from __________.

How have the ideas of human personality and development introduced by Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget influenced anthropological understandings of culture and enculturation?

Culture allows humans to adjust to a wide range of physical environments.

Derek Freeman argued that biological influences play a significant role in adolescent behavior.

The field of structural anthropology, founded by Claude Lévi-Strauss, has as one of its basic premises the notion that there is a "deep universal structure" to cultural phenomena. According to Lévi-Strauss, this structure is characterized by __________.

Claude Lévi-Strauss, in a book entitled The Savage Mind (1966), proposed that __________.

The Oedipus complex proposed by Sigmund Freud suggested that __________.

Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's research on color terms lends support to the idea that __________.

Franz Boas had a guiding influence on Margaret Mead.

The hijras of India are anatomically male at the time of their birth. However, after having their genitals surgically removed, they dress like females and engage in certain male-only activities like smoking water pipes. In Indian society, they are considered to be __________.

Evolutionary psychologists have proposed that the human brain's capacity for culture developed independently from our need to adapt to the environment.

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual desire have revealed that __________.

Humans are considered to have no closed instincts because they __________.

Why are narratives of interest to cognitive anthropologists?

One of the principal criticisms of the culture-and-personality school is that __________.

According to Derek Freeman, most Samoans had puritanical views toward sexuality.

Introduction to Anthropology

Human Evolution

Culture

Language

Anthropological Explanations

Analyzing Sociocultural Systems

Environment, Subsistence, and Demography

Technology and Economies

Social Structure, The Family, Gender, and Age

Politics, Warfare, and Law

Religion and Aesthetics

Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies

Globalization in Latin America,Africa, and the Caribbean

Globalization in the Middle East and Asia

Ethnicity

Contemporary Global Trends

Applied Anthropology

Filters

Exam 4: Psychological and Cognitive Anthropology

Early anthropologists, such as E. B. Tylor, suggested that incest taboos originated in order to __________.

Personality is a combination of enculturation and biologically based predispositions.

Berdache is a European term used to refer to biological males in Native American societies who __________.

Margaret Mead got most of her information on the behavior of adolescents in Samoa from __________.

How have the ideas of human personality and development introduced by Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget influenced anthropological understandings of culture and enculturation?

Culture allows humans to adjust to a wide range of physical environments.

Derek Freeman argued that biological influences play a significant role in adolescent behavior.

The field of structural anthropology, founded by Claude Lévi-Strauss, has as one of its basic premises the notion that there is a "deep universal structure" to cultural phenomena. According to Lévi-Strauss, this structure is characterized by __________.

Claude Lévi-Strauss, in a book entitled The Savage Mind (1966), proposed that __________.

The Oedipus complex proposed by Sigmund Freud suggested that __________.

Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's research on color terms lends support to the idea that __________.

Franz Boas had a guiding influence on Margaret Mead.

The hijras of India are anatomically male at the time of their birth. However, after having their genitals surgically removed, they dress like females and engage in certain male-only activities like smoking water pipes. In Indian society, they are considered to be __________.

Evolutionary psychologists have proposed that the human brain's capacity for culture developed independently from our need to adapt to the environment.

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual desire have revealed that __________.

Humans are considered to have no closed instincts because they __________.

Why are narratives of interest to cognitive anthropologists?

One of the principal criticisms of the culture-and-personality school is that __________.

According to Derek Freeman, most Samoans had puritanical views toward sexuality.

Introduction to Anthropology

Human Evolution

Culture

Language

Anthropological Explanations

Analyzing Sociocultural Systems

Environment, Subsistence, and Demography

Technology and Economies

Social Structure, The Family, Gender, and Age

Politics, Warfare, and Law

Religion and Aesthetics

Globalization, Culture, and Indigenous Societies

Globalization in Latin America,Africa, and the Caribbean

Globalization in the Middle East and Asia

Ethnicity

Contemporary Global Trends

Applied Anthropology

Filters