Exam 10: Social Structure, The Family, Gender, and Age

Rules of endogamy in Hawaiian chiefdoms actually resulted in sibling marriages.

__________ polyandry is the most common form of marriage in which a woman has two husbands.

Since statuses are fixed in industrial states, individuals in these societies are unable to move into different social classes from the one in which they were born.

From a cross-cultural study, Jack Goody learned that bridewealth occurs more frequently in horticultural societies, whereas the dowry system is most frequently found in agricultural states. He hypothesized that one function of the dowry system was to __________.

The two major types of families found throughout the world are the extended family and the nuclear family.

Chiefdoms and agricultural states are classified as __________ because they provide little opportunity for social mobility. Industrial states, on the other hand, are considered __________ because social status can be achieved through individual effort.

Marriage within the same social group or category is called __________, and the marriage between people from different social categories or groups is called __________.

A major factor leading to the diminishing importance of the extended family in industrial societies was the high rate of geographic mobility.

Societies recognize two kinds of status: __________ status, attached to a person from birth, and __________ status, based on a person's specific actions.

Chiefdoms are hierarchically ranked societies.

In agricultural states, marriages among the elite were usually exogamous, while those among the peasantry were usually endogamous in nature.

A few tribal societies practice what is called __________, in which relatives are traced through both maternal and paternal sides of the family simultaneously.

Brideservice occurs when an eligible woman offers her domestic services to her future or potential husband's family in exchange for allowing her to marry their son.

How does a dowry differ from bridewealth? What are some of the functions of a dowry? How does each system relate to broader gender relations, the purpose of marriage, and the process of divorce? Support your answer with specific examples.

Since social class in the United States is an achieved status, factors such as family background, the economy, and ethnic background do not have any influence on social mobility.

How are matrilineal societies different from matriarchal societies? Explain how rules of unilineal descent affect other aspects of culture, such as inheritance and marriage. How does female status differ between matrilineal and patrilineal societies? Support your answer with cross-cultural examples.

Polygyny in tribal societies is most closely related to __________.

Most modern anthropologists have come to the conclusion that matriarchy __________.

Kinship in industrial societies becomes less important as new structures and organizations take over the primary functions of kinship groupings.

Age is a universal principle used in prescribing social status within a sociocultural system.