Exam 3: Culture

How is culture acquired? Discuss the various routes of transmission of culture both material and nonmaterial. Compare and contrast humans with other animal species in terms of how behavior is learned. Why is the ability to create and use symbols important?

Culture can be defined as a shared way of life that includes values, beliefs, and norms that are transmitted within a particular society from generation to generation.

Using an anthropological perspective, explain the statement, "You are what you eat." Support your answer with examples from your text.

According to Marvin Harris, the dietary practices of various cultures may be rooted in ecological conditions.

The Amish emphasize their ethnic difference through __________.

In order for an item to be cultural, it must be __________.

What did Nancy Rosenberger find during her research in Uzbekistan?

Cultural relativism often poses ethical dilemmas for anthropologists. Describe a hypothetical scenario in which this would occur.

Trial-and-error learning, in which an organism adjusts its behavior on the basis of direct experience, is also referred to as __________.

Many anthropologists have adopted the term "sociocultural" to encompass both "society" and "culture" since societies are complex, consist of distinctive groups, and maintain cultural traditions.

There are a number of different ways that one can learn things. Both humans and other animals learn by trial-and-error and by social learning. The form of learning that is uniquely human and that provides the basis for the capacity for culture is known as __________.

Cultural diversity is a reflection of environmental adaptations and the consequence of symbolic creations.

Which of the following statements is true of symbols?

Most people in a given society assume that their beliefs are rational and firmly grounded in common sense.

To combat the problem of ethnocentrism, twentieth-century anthropologists developed the concept of __________.

Describe the difference between ideal and real culture. Why is this distinction important for anthropologists? How do you think this affects anthropological research? Support your answer with specific examples.

Ethnocentrism is a __________.

An example of a social "more" would be __________.

A way of life shared by a group of human beings-including their language, beliefs, and things they make and use-is referred to by anthropologists as their __________.

Folkways and mores are two different types of norms.