Question 1

Which of the following does NOT apply to liberalism in the decades after 1815?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhancement of individual liberty was liberalism's primary concern. 
B)  Individuals are basically good, endowed with inalienable rights, and capable of shaping their own identities and destinies. 
C)  Liberalism was a direct descendent of the American and French Revolutions. 
D)  The belief that unfettered by tyranny and ignorance, the mind can eradicate age-old evils. 
E)  The government should directly manage the economy to guarantee everyone access to adequate resources and equal opportunities. 
A)  Enhancement of individual liberty was liberalism's primary concern. 
B)  Individuals are basically good, endowed with inalienable rights, and capable of shaping their own identities and destinies. 
C)  Liberalism was a direct descendent of the American and French Revolutions. 
D)  The belief that unfettered by tyranny and ignorance, the mind can eradicate age-old evils. 
E)  The government should directly manage the economy to guarantee everyone access to adequate resources and equal opportunities. E

Question 2

The early socialist Charles Fourier believed

Accepted Answer

A)  money and goods should be distributed equally among community members. 
B)  men and women should find new ways of fulfilling themselves sexually; the family should wither away. 
C)  people should live in large communities of ten thousand or more to promote an appropriate sense of community. 
D)  everyone in a community should have the same income. 
E)  work should be specialized and constant to promote labor efficiency. 
A)  money and goods should be distributed equally among community members. 
B)  men and women should find new ways of fulfilling themselves sexually; the family should wither away. 
C)  people should live in large communities of ten thousand or more to promote an appropriate sense of community. 
D)  everyone in a community should have the same income. 
E)  work should be specialized and constant to promote labor efficiency. B

Question 3

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France,Edmund Burke

Accepted Answer

A)  predicted the Terror two years before it occurred. 
B)  observed that the French had come to hate their heritage and this led to them to the folly of the Revolution. 
C)  stated that "when ancient opinions and rules of life are taken away, the loss cannot possibly be estimated." 
D)  claimed that fanaticism armed with abstract ideas divorced from historical experience leads to the evil of revolution. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  predicted the Terror two years before it occurred. 
B)  observed that the French had come to hate their heritage and this led to them to the folly of the Revolution. 
C)  stated that "when ancient opinions and rules of life are taken away, the loss cannot possibly be estimated." 
D)  claimed that fanaticism armed with abstract ideas divorced from historical experience leads to the evil of revolution. 
E)  all of the above E

Question 4

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
  
-What were the main characteristics of nineteenth-century conservatism,and in what ways did it represent a reaction against revolutionary ideas and practices? Draw on specific examples of conservative doctrines and figures to support your assessment.

Accepted Answer

Nineteenth-century conservatism was char

Question 5

The central principle in Jeremy Bentham's political philosophy was

Accepted Answer

A)  God's teaching as set in Holy Scripture. 
B)  the pragmatic use of tradition. 
C)  the application of universal standards established by reason. 
D)  the greatest good for the greatest number of people. 
E)  majority rule. 
A)  God's teaching as set in Holy Scripture. 
B)  the pragmatic use of tradition. 
C)  the application of universal standards established by reason. 
D)  the greatest good for the greatest number of people. 
E)  majority rule.

Question 6

According to Hegel​

Accepted Answer

A)  history is a dialectical struggle of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, over and over again. 
B)  historical change often is due to individuals who unconsciously are agents of the Absolute Spirit. 
C)  history is the progression from potentiality to actuality. 
D)  history reveals a rational process progressing toward a final destination.​ 
E)  all of the above 
A)  history is a dialectical struggle of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, over and over again. 
B)  historical change often is due to individuals who unconsciously are agents of the Absolute Spirit. 
C)  history is the progression from potentiality to actuality. 
D)  history reveals a rational process progressing toward a final destination.​ 
E)  all of the above

Question 7

For conservatives,the only legitimate sources of political authority were

Accepted Answer

A)  the people and popular will. 
B)  reason and the mechanics of the state machine. 
C)  constitutions and laws. 
D)  God and history. 
E)  emotion and experience. 
A)  the people and popular will. 
B)  reason and the mechanics of the state machine. 
C)  constitutions and laws. 
D)  God and history. 
E)  emotion and experience.

Question 8

Nineteenth-century bourgeois liberals​

Accepted Answer

A)  advocated property requirements for voting. 
B)  called for officeholding to be restricted to men of property. 
C)  believed that government should be in the hands of an educated middle class. 
D)  hoped that their desired form of goverment would prevent revolution. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  advocated property requirements for voting. 
B)  called for officeholding to be restricted to men of property. 
C)  believed that government should be in the hands of an educated middle class. 
D)  hoped that their desired form of goverment would prevent revolution. 
E)  all of the above

Question 9

The romantics criticized the philosophes for

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing human beings to soulless thinking machines. 
B)  trying to fit all of life into a mechanical framework. 
C)  not penetrating to what really matters. 
D)  ignoring uniqueness. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  reducing human beings to soulless thinking machines. 
B)  trying to fit all of life into a mechanical framework. 
C)  not penetrating to what really matters. 
D)  ignoring uniqueness. 
E)  all of the above

Question 10

The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley

Accepted Answer

A)  was a political conservative. 
B)  had domestic tranquility that balanced his stormy literary career. 
C)  had great literary success during his lifetime. 
D)  wrote a famous pamphlet denouncing atheism 
E)  celebrated and compared himself to the natural world. 
A)  was a political conservative. 
B)  had domestic tranquility that balanced his stormy literary career. 
C)  had great literary success during his lifetime. 
D)  wrote a famous pamphlet denouncing atheism 
E)  celebrated and compared himself to the natural world.

Question 11

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-nationalism

Accepted Answer

Nationalism is an ideological concept th

Question 12

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-socialism

Accepted Answer

Socialism is a political and economic th

Question 13

Herder's concept of a Volksgeist or spirit of the people

Accepted Answer

A)  was part of the Romantic Movement. 
B)  held that each people was unique. 
C)  prompted numerous investigations into societies living under foreign rule. 
D)  held that a people's language, folk traditions, monuments, and literature expressed their unique genius. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  was part of the Romantic Movement. 
B)  held that each people was unique. 
C)  prompted numerous investigations into societies living under foreign rule. 
D)  held that a people's language, folk traditions, monuments, and literature expressed their unique genius. 
E)  all of the above

Question 14

How did the liberal British government handle the Irish famine that killed about 1.5 million people in the 1840s?

Accepted Answer

A)  The liberal government did nothing because it was unaware of the famine. 
B)  The liberal government did very little because it feared government intervention would promote dependence. 
C)  The liberal government acted very energetically to save lives, but the task was overwhelming. 
D)  The liberal government financed transportation for all those who were willing to emigrate to the United States, Australia, and South Africa. 
E)  The liberal government did very little because it was voted out of office early in the famine. 
A)  The liberal government did nothing because it was unaware of the famine. 
B)  The liberal government did very little because it feared government intervention would promote dependence. 
C)  The liberal government acted very energetically to save lives, but the task was overwhelming. 
D)  The liberal government financed transportation for all those who were willing to emigrate to the United States, Australia, and South Africa. 
E)  The liberal government did very little because it was voted out of office early in the famine.

Question 15

Hegel's theories about the state praised

Accepted Answer

A)  the undemocratic Prussian state. 
B)  the constitutional monarchy of Great Britain. 
C)  republican governments like the French Republic in the 1790s. 
D)  utopian socialism. 
E)  the United States. 
A)  the undemocratic Prussian state. 
B)  the constitutional monarchy of Great Britain. 
C)  republican governments like the French Republic in the 1790s. 
D)  utopian socialism. 
E)  the United States.

Question 16

Because Hegel believed that "the state is the Divine Idea as it exists on Earth," he concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual must subordinate himself to the state. 
B)  the state is the pinnacle of freedom. 
C)  only through the state is a person truly conscious. 
D)  only through the state is a person truly moral. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  the individual must subordinate himself to the state. 
B)  the state is the pinnacle of freedom. 
C)  only through the state is a person truly conscious. 
D)  only through the state is a person truly moral. 
E)  all of the above

Question 17

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-reactionaries

Accepted Answer

Reactionaries are individuals or groups

Question 18

The most significant difference between early socialists and Marx was

Accepted Answer

A)  early socialists did not advocate class warfare; Marx did. 
B)  early socialists could be religious; Marx believed that religion was simply a tool for exploitation. 
C)  early socialists sought the good of the workers; Marx did not. 
D)  early socialists did not want to change the existing social order; Marx did. 
E)  all early socialist were workers; Marx was an intellectual. 
A)  early socialists did not advocate class warfare; Marx did. 
B)  early socialists could be religious; Marx believed that religion was simply a tool for exploitation. 
C)  early socialists sought the good of the workers; Marx did not. 
D)  early socialists did not want to change the existing social order; Marx did. 
E)  all early socialist were workers; Marx was an intellectual.

Question 19

Concerning religion,the romantics

Accepted Answer

A)  rejected the philosophes interpretation of God as the cosmic watchmaker. 
B)  believed that Christian moral conditions elevated human behavior.​ 
C)  were inspired by Christian ceremonies and architecture.​ 
D)  viewed God as the spiritual force that enriches life. 
E)  all of the above​ 
A)  rejected the philosophes interpretation of God as the cosmic watchmaker. 
B)  believed that Christian moral conditions elevated human behavior.​ 
C)  were inspired by Christian ceremonies and architecture.​ 
D)  viewed God as the spiritual force that enriches life. 
E)  all of the above​

Question 20

The German romantic image of the state has been tied to

Accepted Answer

A)  the concept of the state as the expression of the divine spirit of a people. 
B)  the idea of the state as a living organism rather than an rational arrangement among individuals. 
C)  the ideal of the state uniting the people into a mystical communion based on blood. 
D)  modern totalitarianism. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  the concept of the state as the expression of the divine spirit of a people. 
B)  the idea of the state as a living organism rather than an rational arrangement among individuals. 
C)  the ideal of the state uniting the people into a mystical communion based on blood. 
D)  modern totalitarianism. 
E)  all of the above

Which of the following does NOT apply to liberalism in the decades after 1815?

The early socialist Charles Fourier believed

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France,Edmund Burke

The central principle in Jeremy Bentham's political philosophy was

According to Hegel

For conservatives,the only legitimate sources of political authority were

Nineteenth-century bourgeois liberals

The romantics criticized the philosophes for

The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -nationalism

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -socialism

Herder's concept of a Volksgeist or spirit of the people

How did the liberal British government handle the Irish famine that killed about 1.5 million people in the 1840s?

Hegel's theories about the state praised

Because Hegel believed that "the state is the Divine Idea as it exists on Earth," he concluded that

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -reactionaries

The most significant difference between early socialists and Marx was

Concerning religion,the romantics

The German romantic image of the state has been tied to

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform

The French Revolution: the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution: the Great Transformation

Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism: From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West: Responses to Modernization

Imperialism: Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human Nature, and the Arts

World War I: the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War Ii: Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

Filters

Exam 6: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Which of the following does NOT apply to liberalism in the decades after 1815?

The early socialist Charles Fourier believed

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France,Edmund Burke

The central principle in Jeremy Bentham's political philosophy was

According to Hegel​

For conservatives,the only legitimate sources of political authority were

Nineteenth-century bourgeois liberals​

The romantics criticized the philosophes for

The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -nationalism

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -socialism

Herder's concept of a Volksgeist or spirit of the people

How did the liberal British government handle the Irish famine that killed about 1.5 million people in the 1840s?

Hegel's theories about the state praised

Because Hegel believed that "the state is the Divine Idea as it exists on Earth," he concluded that

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -reactionaries

The most significant difference between early socialists and Marx was

Concerning religion,the romantics

The German romantic image of the state has been tied to

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform

The French Revolution: the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution: the Great Transformation

Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism: From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West: Responses to Modernization

Imperialism: Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human Nature, and the Arts

World War I: the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War Ii: Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

Filters

According to Hegel

Nineteenth-century bourgeois liberals