Exam 9: Abdominal Defects

What are Complications associated with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia I.Patent ductus arteriosus II.Patent foramen ovale III.Malrotation IV.Pulmonary edema V.Pulmonary hypoplasia

Potential benefits of gradual reduction of the bowel versus primary reduction include which of the following I.Fewer days on the ventilator II.Decrease in pulmonary barotrauma III.Longer enteral feedings IV.Decreased tissue perfusion V.Decreased risk of infection

Delivery room management for Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Consists of which of the following I.Expecting respiratory distress II.No mask ventilation III.Nasogastric tube placement IV.0.50-1.0 FiO₂ application V.Early administration of Continuous positive airway pressure

Which of the following are criteria for initiating extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation I.Oxygenation index greater than 40 for 4 or more hours II.Decrease in blood lactate levels III.Increase in urine output IV.PaO₂ less than 50 mm Hg on FiO₂ 1.0 V.pH less than 7.20 and peak inspiratory pressure less than 17 cm H₂O VI.Preductal SpO₂ less than 85% or postductal SpO₂ less than 70%

Gentle ventilation Consists of maintaining which of the following parameters I.Peak inspiratory pressure to maintain PaCO₂ 45-65 mm Hg II.Ventilation pressures less than 25 cm H₂O III.Postductal pH greater than 7.30 IV.Positive end-expiratory pressure 4-6 cm H₂O V.Normoxemia VI.25-30 breaths/minute VII.I-time 0.3-0.4 seCond

What is the half-life of inhaled nitric oxide

Respiratory management for an infant with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia should Consist of which of the following I.Monitoring exhaled tidal volume II.Arterial blood gas measurements III.Monitoring spontaneous respiratory efforts IV.Serial chest radiographs V.Prompting weaning to decrease abdominal distention

What are the clinical Complications that Coexist with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) Collectively known as CDH-syndrome I.Pulmonary hypoplasia II.Pulmonary hypertension III.Patent ductus arteriosus IV.Patent foramen ovale V.Malnutrition

Which of the following factors Contribute to surfactant dysfunction in patients with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia I.Lung hypoplasia II.SeCondary surfactant deficiency III.High-frequency oscillatory ventilation IV.Change in surfactant Composition as a direct result in ventilator-induced injury

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation may decrease alveolar surfactant production.

What does an iatrogenic lung injury mean

What is one of the most noticeable physical findings in a newborn who presents with Congenital diagrammatic hernia

What is the primary function of an inotrope

Which of the following statements are true Concerning the potential outComes for infants with Confirmed Congenital diagrammatic hernia I.Surgical intervention usually Corrects the hernia with few Consequences. II.Death is probable. III.Pulmonary Complications will arise. IV.There will be gastrointestinal morbidities. V.Quality of life will be improved. VI.There will be little to no neurological defects.

More than 50% of Congenital diagrammatic hernia survivors will Continue to be afflicted with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

What clinical findings should a respiratory therapist expect in an infant with a Congenital diaphragmatic hernia I.Breath sounds throughout lung region II.Apnea III.Hypotension IV.Slow venous return V.Heart sounds heard in anatomically Correct location VI.Minimal response to positive pressure ventilation VII.Significant positive response to supplemental oxygen

A higher lung/head ratio denotes a larger problem with pulmonary dysfunction in infants with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Which of the following procedures should a delivery room resuscitation team perform for a newborn with gastroschisis I.Place the exposed bowel in a bowel bag. II.Insert a nasogastric tube. III.Keep bowel dry. IV.Administer IV broad-spectrum antibiotics. V.Bottle feed as tolerated.

Repair of the omphalocele can be delayed for months to years depending on the size of the defect.

Which of the following statements are true Concerning the use of extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia I.The higher oxygenation index, the worse a patient's ability to oxygenate, despite high levels of ventilatory support. II.A low numerator when calculating oxygen index means high oxygen support. III.A low denominator when calculating oxygen index means poor tissue oxygenation. IV.Inhaled nitric oxide and ECMO are frequently used.