Question 1

All of the following symptoms support a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome except:

Accepted Answer

A) Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio 2:1 
B) Shake test positive 
C) Absence or negative presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 
D) Surfactant-albumin (S/
A)  ratio less than 40 mg surfactant per 1g albumin 
A) Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio 2:1 
B) Shake test positive 
C) Absence or negative presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 
D) Surfactant-albumin (S/
A)  ratio less than 40 mg surfactant per 1g albumin B

Question 2

AcCording to current practice, what initial settings of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and inflation rate would be used for an infant who is placed on noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

Accepted Answer

A) CPAP 8 cm H₂O, PIP 12 cm H₂O, inflation rate 40, I time 0.2 seCond 
B) CPAP 4 cm H₂O, PIP 16 cm H₂O, inflation rate 50, I time 0.6 seCond 
C) CPAP 5 cm H₂O, PIP 15cm H₂O, inflation rate 55, I time 0.3 seCond 
D) CPAP 14 cm H₂O, PIP 15 cm H₂O, inflation rate 40, I time 0.4 seCond 
A) CPAP 8 cm H₂O, PIP 12 cm H₂O, inflation rate 40, I time 0.2 seCond 
B) CPAP 4 cm H₂O, PIP 16 cm H₂O, inflation rate 50, I time 0.6 seCond 
C) CPAP 5 cm H₂O, PIP 15cm H₂O, inflation rate 55, I time 0.3 seCond 
D) CPAP 14 cm H₂O, PIP 15 cm H₂O, inflation rate 40, I time 0.4 seCond C

Question 3

Dead space ventilation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome is frequently caused by which of the following

Accepted Answer

A) Increased cardiac output 
B) Excess of vascularization 
C) Alveolar hyperinflation 
D) Decrease in alveolar-capillary membrane as a result of extreme prematurity 
A) Increased cardiac output 
B) Excess of vascularization 
C) Alveolar hyperinflation 
D) Decrease in alveolar-capillary membrane as a result of extreme prematurity C

Question 4

All of the following are specific issues that put preterm babies at risk after delivery except:

Accepted Answer

A) Immature tissue that is more susceptible to oxygen toxicity 
B) Immature nervous system, which may not provide enough stimulation to breathe 
C) Strong capillaries within the brain, which are at higher risk for rupture and bleeding 
D) Surfactant-deficient lungs that make ventilation difficult and more susceptible to injury by positive pressure ventilation 
A) Immature tissue that is more susceptible to oxygen toxicity 
B) Immature nervous system, which may not provide enough stimulation to breathe 
C) Strong capillaries within the brain, which are at higher risk for rupture and bleeding 
D) Surfactant-deficient lungs that make ventilation difficult and more susceptible to injury by positive pressure ventilation

Question 5

Which of the following cases does not indicate the need for nasal Continuous positive airway pressure

Accepted Answer

A) An infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, exhibiting signs of increased respiratory distress 
B) PaCO₂ greater than 60 mm Hg and pH less than 7.25 
C) PaCO₂ greater than 50 mm Hg and pH greater than or equal to 7.25 
D) Inability to maintain a PaO₂ greater than 50 mm Hg with FiO₂ less than 0.60 
A) An infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, exhibiting signs of increased respiratory distress 
B) PaCO₂ greater than 60 mm Hg and pH less than 7.25 
C) PaCO₂ greater than 50 mm Hg and pH greater than or equal to 7.25 
D) Inability to maintain a PaO₂ greater than 50 mm Hg with FiO₂ less than 0.60

Question 6

What is the best way to deliver oxygen to an infant who has a weak inspiratory effort

Accepted Answer

A) Ventilator Continuous positive air way pressure 
B) Nasal Continuous positive airway pressure 
C) Variable-flow Continuous positive airway pressure 
D) Bubble Continuous positive airway pressure 
A) Ventilator Continuous positive air way pressure 
B) Nasal Continuous positive airway pressure 
C) Variable-flow Continuous positive airway pressure 
D) Bubble Continuous positive airway pressure

Question 7

The germinal matrix has a fragile network of capillaries within the brain that are prone to rupture.What physiological changes can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cerebral palsy
I.Rapid change in PaCO₂
II.Rapid change in blood volume
III.Rapid change in blood pressure

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 8

What clinical evaluations need to be assessed by the registered respiratory therapist to determine whether the peak inspiratory pressure has been set adequately in an infant who has respiratory distress syndrome
I.Exhaled tidal volume is greater than 3 mL/kg and less than 8 mL/kg.
II.pH is 7.25 to 7.35 with PaCO₂ of 45 to 55 mm Hg.
III.pH is 7.45 with PaCO₂ of 50 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 9

Heated high-flow nasal cannula data suggested all of the following statements are true except:

Accepted Answer

A) It is more Comfortable for infants to wear. 
B) It regulates temperature and humidity. 
C) It increases esophageal and pharyngeal pressures in neonates. 
D) It does not regulate gas flow. 
A) It is more Comfortable for infants to wear. 
B) It regulates temperature and humidity. 
C) It increases esophageal and pharyngeal pressures in neonates. 
D) It does not regulate gas flow.

Question 10

What mode of ventilation allows for Constant pressure and volume changes with lung Compliance

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure Control ventilation 
B) Volume Control ventilation 
C) Volume-assured pressure support 
D) Pressure-regulated volume Control 
A) Pressure Control ventilation 
B) Volume Control ventilation 
C) Volume-assured pressure support 
D) Pressure-regulated volume Control

Question 11

What neonatal ventilation value is most closely determined by peak inspiratory pressure

Accepted Answer

A) Tidal volume 
B) Respiratory rate 
C) Minute ventilation 
D) ΔP 
A) Tidal volume 
B) Respiratory rate 
C) Minute ventilation 
D) ΔP

Question 12

High-frequency jet ventilation is an independent mode of ventilation allowing effective ventilation and oxygenation at higher airway resistance than high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Baby boy Roger is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate greater than 100 bpm.After 1 minute, his Condition presents as follows: cyanosis and low SpO₂.What should the registered respiratory therapist Consider as this time

Accepted Answer

A) Positive pressure ventilation 
B) Surfactant delivery to improve lung function 
C) Continuous positive airway pressure therapy 
D) Positive pressure ventilation with 2 to 3 cm of positive end expiratory pressure 
A) Positive pressure ventilation 
B) Surfactant delivery to improve lung function 
C) Continuous positive airway pressure therapy 
D) Positive pressure ventilation with 2 to 3 cm of positive end expiratory pressure

Question 14

A neonate should not be suctioned prior to the installation of surfactant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In the 1950s, hyaline membrane disease was initially identified by which of the following groups of characteristics

Accepted Answer

A) Lung tissue has the Consistency of the liver, alveolar capillaries engorged, and majority of the parenchyma Collapsed 
B) Pink lungs instead of dull red, underdeveloped alveolar ducts, and respiratory bronchioles 
C) No evidence of aeration, nonCongested, and edematous 
A) Lung tissue has the Consistency of the liver, alveolar capillaries engorged, and majority of the parenchyma Collapsed 
B) Pink lungs instead of dull red, underdeveloped alveolar ducts, and respiratory bronchioles 
C) No evidence of aeration, nonCongested, and edematous

Question 16

During mechanical ventilation, functional residual capacity is adequately maintained when a chest radiograph reveals:

Accepted Answer

A) Lung inflation to the eighth posterior rib above the level of the diaphragm 
B) Lung inflation to the ninth posterior rib above the level of the diaphragm 
C) Lung inflation to the ninth anterior rib and below the level of the diaphragm 
D) Lung inflation to the eighth and ninth posterior ribs above the level of the diaphragm 
A) Lung inflation to the eighth posterior rib above the level of the diaphragm 
B) Lung inflation to the ninth posterior rib above the level of the diaphragm 
C) Lung inflation to the ninth anterior rib and below the level of the diaphragm 
D) Lung inflation to the eighth and ninth posterior ribs above the level of the diaphragm

Question 17

During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, what parameter needs to be adjusted to change ventilation
I.I-time
II.Mean airway pressure
III.ΔP
IV.Hz

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) III and IV 
D) II and IV 
A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) III and IV 
D) II and IV

Question 18

What week of gestation (wG) and birth weight Combination are Considered too premature and extremely unlikely for survival

Accepted Answer

A) Less than 24 wG; less than 600 g birth weight 
B) Less than 23 wG; less than 600 g birth weight 
C) Less than 23 wG; less than 500 g birth weight 
D) Less than 24 wG; less than 500 g birth weight 
A) Less than 24 wG; less than 600 g birth weight 
B) Less than 23 wG; less than 600 g birth weight 
C) Less than 23 wG; less than 500 g birth weight 
D) Less than 24 wG; less than 500 g birth weight

Question 19

A decrease in servo pressure in high-frequency jet ventilation is an indication of what
I.Increase in lung Compliance
II.Obstructed endotracheal tube
III.Secretions in the airway
VI.Readiness for weaning of positive pressures

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) I, II, and III

Question 20

Which statement best describes optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Accepted Answer

A) Pressure at which static Compliance is maximized and oxygen transport is greatest 
B) PEEP levels above optimal PEEP will not cause atelectasis. 
C) Will not evenly expand all alveoli at end exhalation 
D) Allows for nonequal distribution of volumes during inspiration and expiration 
A) Pressure at which static Compliance is maximized and oxygen transport is greatest 
B) PEEP levels above optimal PEEP will not cause atelectasis. 
C) Will not evenly expand all alveoli at end exhalation 
D) Allows for nonequal distribution of volumes during inspiration and expiration

All of the following symptoms support a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome except:

AcCording to current practice, what initial settings of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and inflation rate would be used for an infant who is placed on noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

Dead space ventilation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome is frequently caused by which of the following

All of the following are specific issues that put preterm babies at risk after delivery except:

Which of the following cases does not indicate the need for nasal Continuous positive airway pressure

What is the best way to deliver oxygen to an infant who has a weak inspiratory effort

The germinal matrix has a fragile network of capillaries within the brain that are prone to rupture.What physiological changes can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cerebral palsy I.Rapid change in PaCO₂ II.Rapid change in blood volume III.Rapid change in blood pressure

Heated high-flow nasal cannula data suggested all of the following statements are true except:

What mode of ventilation allows for Constant pressure and volume changes with lung Compliance

What neonatal ventilation value is most closely determined by peak inspiratory pressure

High-frequency jet ventilation is an independent mode of ventilation allowing effective ventilation and oxygenation at higher airway resistance than high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Baby boy Roger is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate greater than 100 bpm.After 1 minute, his Condition presents as follows: cyanosis and low SpO₂.What should the registered respiratory therapist Consider as this time

A neonate should not be suctioned prior to the installation of surfactant.

In the 1950s, hyaline membrane disease was initially identified by which of the following groups of characteristics

During mechanical ventilation, functional residual capacity is adequately maintained when a chest radiograph reveals:

During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, what parameter needs to be adjusted to change ventilation I.I-time II.Mean airway pressure III.ΔP IV.Hz

What week of gestation (wG) and birth weight Combination are Considered too premature and extremely unlikely for survival

A decrease in servo pressure in high-frequency jet ventilation is an indication of what I.Increase in lung Compliance II.Obstructed endotracheal tube III.Secretions in the airway VI.Readiness for weaning of positive pressures

Which statement best describes optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Making Sense of Caring for Kids: a Different Approach to Respiratory Care

Fetal Cardiopulmonary Development

Resuscitation of the Newborn During Transition to Extrauterine Life

Apnea of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Disease of Full-Term Infants

Common Neonatal Complications: Pulmonary Complications

Common Neonatal Complications: Multisystem Complications

Abdominal Defects

Airway Abnormalities

Acyanotic Heart Defects

Cyanotic Heart Defects

Asthma

Pediatric Disease With Respiratory Implications

Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases

Pediatric Infectious Airway Diseases

Neuromuscular Disorders

Pediatric Diseases With Respiratory Implications

Neurological Accidents

Ethics in Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Palliative and End of Life Care

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Exam 4: Respiratory Distress Syndrome

All of the following symptoms support a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome except:

AcCording to current practice, what initial settings of Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and inflation rate would be used for an infant who is placed on noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

Dead space ventilation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome is frequently caused by which of the following

All of the following are specific issues that put preterm babies at risk after delivery except:

Which of the following cases does not indicate the need for nasal Continuous positive airway pressure

What is the best way to deliver oxygen to an infant who has a weak inspiratory effort

The germinal matrix has a fragile network of capillaries within the brain that are prone to rupture.What physiological changes can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting in cerebral palsy I.Rapid change in PaCO₂ II.Rapid change in blood volume III.Rapid change in blood pressure

Heated high-flow nasal cannula data suggested all of the following statements are true except:

What mode of ventilation allows for Constant pressure and volume changes with lung Compliance

What neonatal ventilation value is most closely determined by peak inspiratory pressure

High-frequency jet ventilation is an independent mode of ventilation allowing effective ventilation and oxygenation at higher airway resistance than high frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Baby boy Roger is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate greater than 100 bpm.After 1 minute, his Condition presents as follows: cyanosis and low SpO₂.What should the registered respiratory therapist Consider as this time

A neonate should not be suctioned prior to the installation of surfactant.

In the 1950s, hyaline membrane disease was initially identified by which of the following groups of characteristics

During mechanical ventilation, functional residual capacity is adequately maintained when a chest radiograph reveals:

During high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, what parameter needs to be adjusted to change ventilation I.I-time II.Mean airway pressure III.ΔP IV.Hz

What week of gestation (wG) and birth weight Combination are Considered too premature and extremely unlikely for survival

A decrease in servo pressure in high-frequency jet ventilation is an indication of what I.Increase in lung Compliance II.Obstructed endotracheal tube III.Secretions in the airway VI.Readiness for weaning of positive pressures

Which statement best describes optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Making Sense of Caring for Kids: a Different Approach to Respiratory Care

Fetal Cardiopulmonary Development

Resuscitation of the Newborn During Transition to Extrauterine Life

Apnea of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Disease of Full-Term Infants

Common Neonatal Complications: Pulmonary Complications

Common Neonatal Complications: Multisystem Complications

Abdominal Defects

Airway Abnormalities

Acyanotic Heart Defects

Cyanotic Heart Defects

Asthma

Pediatric Disease With Respiratory Implications

Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases

Pediatric Infectious Airway Diseases

Neuromuscular Disorders

Pediatric Diseases With Respiratory Implications

Neurological Accidents

Ethics in Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Palliative and End of Life Care

Filters