Question 1

What is a reCommended setting for Conventional mechanical ventilation for an infant who is born with Complications as a result of meConium aspiration syndrome

Accepted Answer

A) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 50 breaths/minute, 6-8 mL/kg, I-time 0.33 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 8 cm H₂O 
B) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 60 breaths/minute, 4-10 mL/kg, I-time 0.33 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 8 cm H₂O 
C) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 50 breaths/minute, 4-7 mL/kg, I-time 0.50 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 5 cm H₂O 
D) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 50 breaths/minute, 4-6 mL/kg, I-time 0.50 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 3 cm H₂O 
A) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 50 breaths/minute, 6-8 mL/kg, I-time 0.33 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 8 cm H₂O 
B) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 60 breaths/minute, 4-10 mL/kg, I-time 0.33 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 8 cm H₂O 
C) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 50 breaths/minute, 4-7 mL/kg, I-time 0.50 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 5 cm H₂O 
D) Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, respiratory rate less than 50 breaths/minute, 4-6 mL/kg, I-time 0.50 seCond, and positive end expiratory pressure 3 cm H₂O C

Question 2

Which cardiopulmonary disease is also associated with pulmonary hypertension

Accepted Answer

A) MeConium aspiration syndrome 
B) Pulmonary hypoplasia 
C) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 
D) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 
A) MeConium aspiration syndrome 
B) Pulmonary hypoplasia 
C) Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 
D) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia D

Question 3

Baby Nolan presents with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and is failing assist Control ventilation.What are the reCommended initial high-frequency oscillator settings

Accepted Answer

A) Bias flow 8 Lpm, Hz 8, I-time 25%, Paw 1.5 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
B) Bias flow 10 Lpm, Hz 12, I-time 33%, Paw 3 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
C) Bias flow 15 Lpm, Hz 15, I-time 33%, Paw 3 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
D) Bias flow 18 Lpm, Hz 8, I-time 25%, Paw 3.0 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
A) Bias flow 8 Lpm, Hz 8, I-time 25%, Paw 1.5 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
B) Bias flow 10 Lpm, Hz 12, I-time 33%, Paw 3 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
C) Bias flow 15 Lpm, Hz 15, I-time 33%, Paw 3 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle 
D) Bias flow 18 Lpm, Hz 8, I-time 25%, Paw 3.0 cm H₂O above Controlled mandatory ventilation, and change in pressure for chest wiggle B

Question 4

Strategies to manage persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Consist of which of the following
I.Oxygen therapy to maintain SPO₂ 90-120 mm Hg
II.Oxygen therapy to maintain SPO₂ 80-100 mm Hg
III.Pulmonary vasodilators
IV.HCT 35-45%
V.HCT 45-55%

Accepted Answer

A) I, III, and IV 
B) II and III 
C) II, III, and V 
D) II, III, and IV 
A) I, III, and IV 
B) II and III 
C) II, III, and V 
D) II, III, and IV

Question 5

Sedation and paralytics are a reasonable care strategy when patients are unable to effectively ventilate and oxygenate, but its use should be limited.To what amount of time should sedation and paralytics be limited

Accepted Answer

A) 12 hours 
B) 24 hours 
C) 36 hours 
D) 48 hours 
A) 12 hours 
B) 24 hours 
C) 36 hours 
D) 48 hours

Question 6

In cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of a newborn, what mode of ventilation maintains the same mean airway pressure and improves oxygenation and ventilation the fastest

Accepted Answer

A) Controlled mandatory ventilation 
B) ExtraCorporeal membrane oxygenation 
C) High-frequency oscillatory ventilation 
D) High-frequency jet ventilation 
A) Controlled mandatory ventilation 
B) ExtraCorporeal membrane oxygenation 
C) High-frequency oscillatory ventilation 
D) High-frequency jet ventilation

Question 7

What process must occur to stimulate a newborn to breathe

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease in PaO₂ 
B) Increase in PaCO₂ 
C) Decrease in PaCO₂ 
D) Increase in PaO₂ 
A) Decrease in PaO₂ 
B) Increase in PaCO₂ 
C) Decrease in PaCO₂ 
D) Increase in PaO₂

Question 8

Which of the following are Complications to extraCorporeal life support
I.Pneumothorax
II.Infection
III.Seizures
IV.Hypotension
V.Tachycardia
VI.Hemolysis

Accepted Answer

A) I, III, IV, and VI 
B) I, II, III, and VI 
C) II, III, VI, and VII 
D) II, IV, V, and VI 
A) I, III, IV, and VI 
B) I, II, III, and VI 
C) II, III, VI, and VII 
D) II, IV, V, and VI

Question 9

Which of the following options illustrate risk factors for transient tachypnea
I.C-section delivery
II.Maternal asthma
III.Maternal diabetes
IV.Female gender
V.Positive phosphatidylglycerol presence test of amniotic fluid
VI.Clamping of umbilical Cord immediately after birth
VII.Birth weight less than 200 grams
VIII.Aplastic anemia

Accepted Answer

A) IV, V, and VI 
B) II, III, and VI 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I, III, and VI 
A) IV, V, and VI 
B) II, III, and VI 
C) I, II, and III 
D) I, III, and VI

Question 10

Neonatal extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation selection criteria include which of the following
I.Oxygenation index greater than 55
II.Oxygenation index greater than 40
III.No major cardiac defect
IV.Reversible lung disease
V.Gestation age greater than 30 weeks
VI.Mechanical ventilation less than 10 days
VII.No bleeding Complications

Accepted Answer

A) II, III, IV, and VII 
B) I, III, V, and VII 
C) II, IV, VI, and VII 
D) I, V, VI, and VII 
A) II, III, IV, and VII 
B) I, III, V, and VII 
C) II, IV, VI, and VII 
D) I, V, VI, and VII

Question 11

Which medication is useful for neonates who present with rebound hypoxemia and are not responsive to inhaled nitrous oxide

Accepted Answer

A) Dobutamine 
B) Prostacyclin 
C) Sildenafil 
D) Magnesium sulfate 
A) Dobutamine 
B) Prostacyclin 
C) Sildenafil 
D) Magnesium sulfate

Question 12

What is an unacceptable oxygenation index that would suggest the need for extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) Greater than 30 
C) Greater than 40 
D) 20-35 
A) 20 
B) Greater than 30 
C) Greater than 40 
D) 20-35

Question 13

A change from fetal circulation to adult circulation requires which of the following scenarios to occur

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance 
B) A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance 
C) A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance 
D) An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance 
A) An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance 
B) A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance 
C) A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance 
D) An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance

Question 14

What is the indication for immediate need of extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy
I.Oxygenation index greater than 25
II.Oxygenation index greater than 40
III.A-aO₂ gradients greater than 600 after 4 hours inhaled nitric oxide therapy
IV.A-aO₂ gradients less than 600 after 4 hours inhaled nitric oxide therapy

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and IV 
D) II and IV 
A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and IV 
D) II and IV

Question 15

What is the percentage of full-term neonates with moderate-to-severe respiratory failure who utilize surfactant regiment

Accepted Answer

A) 75% 
B) 80% 
C) 82% 
D) 85% 
A) 75% 
B) 80% 
C) 82% 
D) 85%

Question 16

What drug increases systemic pressure and oxygenation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Accepted Answer

A) Inhaled nitric oxide 
B) Prostacyclin 
C) Norepinephrine 
D) Sildenafil 
A) Inhaled nitric oxide 
B) Prostacyclin 
C) Norepinephrine 
D) Sildenafil

Question 17

How does a patient present with meConium aspiration syndrome
I.Tachypnea
II.Hypoxemia
III.Respiratory alkalosis
IV.No apparent respiratory distress
V.Grunting

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and V 
B) II, III, and V 
C) I, IV, and V 
D) III, IV, and V 
A) I, II, and V 
B) II, III, and V 
C) I, IV, and V 
D) III, IV, and V

Question 18

What risk factors increase the likelihood of an infant being born with persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn

Accepted Answer

A) Female baby, vaginal delivery, and birth weight greater than 90th percentile 
B) Male baby, gestational age greater than 41 weeks, and cesarean delivery prior to onset of labor 
C) Male baby, gestational age less than 41 weeks, and elective cesarean delivery 
D) Female baby, NSAID drug use, and cesarean delivery prior to onset of labor 
A) Female baby, vaginal delivery, and birth weight greater than 90th percentile 
B) Male baby, gestational age greater than 41 weeks, and cesarean delivery prior to onset of labor 
C) Male baby, gestational age less than 41 weeks, and elective cesarean delivery 
D) Female baby, NSAID drug use, and cesarean delivery prior to onset of labor

Question 19

What parameter should be changed if PaCO₂ is high during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation

Accepted Answer

A) Increase ΔP 
B) Decrease ΔP 
C) Increase Paw 
D) Decrease Paw 
A) Increase ΔP 
B) Decrease ΔP 
C) Increase Paw 
D) Decrease Paw

Question 20

Nitric oxide does all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Enzyme regulation 
B) Platelet inhibition 
C) Neurotransmission 
D) Has a half-life greater than 30 minutes 
A) Enzyme regulation 
B) Platelet inhibition 
C) Neurotransmission 
D) Has a half-life greater than 30 minutes

What is a reCommended setting for Conventional mechanical ventilation for an infant who is born with Complications as a result of meConium aspiration syndrome

Which cardiopulmonary disease is also associated with pulmonary hypertension

Baby Nolan presents with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and is failing assist Control ventilation.What are the reCommended initial high-frequency oscillator settings

Strategies to manage persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Consist of which of the following I.Oxygen therapy to maintain SPO₂ 90-120 mm Hg II.Oxygen therapy to maintain SPO₂ 80-100 mm Hg III.Pulmonary vasodilators IV.HCT 35-45% V.HCT 45-55%

Sedation and paralytics are a reasonable care strategy when patients are unable to effectively ventilate and oxygenate, but its use should be limited.To what amount of time should sedation and paralytics be limited

In cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of a newborn, what mode of ventilation maintains the same mean airway pressure and improves oxygenation and ventilation the fastest

What process must occur to stimulate a newborn to breathe

Which of the following are Complications to extraCorporeal life support I.Pneumothorax II.Infection III.Seizures IV.Hypotension V.Tachycardia VI.Hemolysis

Which medication is useful for neonates who present with rebound hypoxemia and are not responsive to inhaled nitrous oxide

What is an unacceptable oxygenation index that would suggest the need for extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation

A change from fetal circulation to adult circulation requires which of the following scenarios to occur

What is the percentage of full-term neonates with moderate-to-severe respiratory failure who utilize surfactant regiment

What drug increases systemic pressure and oxygenation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

How does a patient present with meConium aspiration syndrome I.Tachypnea II.Hypoxemia III.Respiratory alkalosis IV.No apparent respiratory distress V.Grunting

What risk factors increase the likelihood of an infant being born with persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn

What parameter should be changed if PaCO₂ is high during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation

Nitric oxide does all of the following except:

Making Sense of Caring for Kids: a Different Approach to Respiratory Care

Fetal Cardiopulmonary Development

Resuscitation of the Newborn During Transition to Extrauterine Life

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Apnea of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Common Neonatal Complications: Pulmonary Complications

Common Neonatal Complications: Multisystem Complications

Abdominal Defects

Airway Abnormalities

Acyanotic Heart Defects

Cyanotic Heart Defects

Asthma

Pediatric Disease With Respiratory Implications

Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases

Pediatric Infectious Airway Diseases

Neuromuscular Disorders

Pediatric Diseases With Respiratory Implications

Neurological Accidents

Ethics in Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Palliative and End of Life Care

Filters

Exam 6: Disease of Full-Term Infants

What is a reCommended setting for Conventional mechanical ventilation for an infant who is born with Complications as a result of meConium aspiration syndrome

Which cardiopulmonary disease is also associated with pulmonary hypertension

Baby Nolan presents with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and is failing assist Control ventilation.What are the reCommended initial high-frequency oscillator settings

Strategies to manage persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Consist of which of the following I.Oxygen therapy to maintain SPO₂ 90-120 mm Hg II.Oxygen therapy to maintain SPO₂ 80-100 mm Hg III.Pulmonary vasodilators IV.HCT 35-45% V.HCT 45-55%

Sedation and paralytics are a reasonable care strategy when patients are unable to effectively ventilate and oxygenate, but its use should be limited.To what amount of time should sedation and paralytics be limited

In cases of persistent pulmonary hypertension of a newborn, what mode of ventilation maintains the same mean airway pressure and improves oxygenation and ventilation the fastest

What process must occur to stimulate a newborn to breathe

Which of the following are Complications to extraCorporeal life support I.Pneumothorax II.Infection III.Seizures IV.Hypotension V.Tachycardia VI.Hemolysis

Which medication is useful for neonates who present with rebound hypoxemia and are not responsive to inhaled nitrous oxide

What is an unacceptable oxygenation index that would suggest the need for extraCorporeal membrane oxygenation

A change from fetal circulation to adult circulation requires which of the following scenarios to occur

What is the percentage of full-term neonates with moderate-to-severe respiratory failure who utilize surfactant regiment

What drug increases systemic pressure and oxygenation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

How does a patient present with meConium aspiration syndrome I.Tachypnea II.Hypoxemia III.Respiratory alkalosis IV.No apparent respiratory distress V.Grunting

What risk factors increase the likelihood of an infant being born with persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn

What parameter should be changed if PaCO₂ is high during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation

Nitric oxide does all of the following except:

Making Sense of Caring for Kids: a Different Approach to Respiratory Care

Fetal Cardiopulmonary Development

Resuscitation of the Newborn During Transition to Extrauterine Life

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Apnea of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Common Neonatal Complications: Pulmonary Complications

Common Neonatal Complications: Multisystem Complications

Abdominal Defects

Airway Abnormalities

Acyanotic Heart Defects

Cyanotic Heart Defects

Asthma

Pediatric Disease With Respiratory Implications

Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases

Pediatric Infectious Airway Diseases

Neuromuscular Disorders

Pediatric Diseases With Respiratory Implications

Neurological Accidents

Ethics in Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Palliative and End of Life Care

Filters