Exam 9: Cardiac Physiology

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Coronary artery disease is the underlying cause of about 10% of all deaths in the United States and worldwide.​

(True/False)
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About 30% of coronary arterial flow occurs during systole,driven by ventricular contraction.​

(True/False)
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Most often,both valvular stenosis and insufficiency are caused by __________ fever,an autoimmune disease triggered by a(n)__________ bacterial infection.​

(Short Answer)
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Atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization occur __________.​

(Short Answer)
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Figure 9-14 Use the figure above (Figure 9-14)to answer the corresponding questions. Figure 9-14 Use the figure above (Figure 9-14)to answer the corresponding questions.    -Which number in the figure represents the ST segment (ventricles are contracting and emptying)? -Which number in the figure represents the ST segment (ventricles are contracting and emptying)?

(Multiple Choice)
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Which heart valve is bicuspid and also called the mitral valve?​

(Multiple Choice)
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Collateral circulation exists when large peripheral branches from adjacent veins nourish the same area.​

(True/False)
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Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery?​

(Multiple Choice)
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The typical resting heart rate beats at __________ beats per minute.​

(Short Answer)
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What is the second heart sound associated with?

(Multiple Choice)
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The middle layer of the heart is called the myocardium and is composed of cardiac muscle and constitutes the bulk of the heart wall.

(True/False)
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An electrocardiogram is usually abbreviated as ECG,but sometimes also as:

(Multiple Choice)
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__________ fibers are small terminal fibers that extend from the bundle of His and spread throughout the ventricular myocardium.​

(Short Answer)
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Which layer of the heart is the innermost layer?

(Multiple Choice)
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What is the main determinant of cardiac muscle fiber length?

(Multiple Choice)
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In response to the presence of oxidized HDL or other irritants,the endothelial cells produce chemicals that attract phagocytes,a type of white blood cell,to the site.​

(True/False)
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Cardiac contraction is graded by varying the strength of contraction of all the cardiac muscle cells by intrinsic and extrinsic control mechanisms.​

(True/False)
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Parasympathetic stimulation and epinephrine enhance the heart's contractility.​

(True/False)
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Atrial fibrillation is characterized by slow,irregular,uncoordinated depolarizations of the atria with no definite T waves.​

(True/False)
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Explain the ejection fraction in regards to the heart.

(Essay)
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