Exam 12: Body Defenses

IgE helps protect against __________ worms and is the antibody mediator for common __________ responses.

How many layers comprise the skin?

The primary foreign enemies against which the immune system defends are:​

An antigen is a large,unique molecule that triggers a specific immune response against itself,such as generation of antibodies that lead to its destruction.​

Localized vasodilation is mainly induced by __________ released from mast cells in the area of tissue damage.

Poison ivy toxin does not harm the skin on contact,but it activates T cells specific for the toxin,including formation of a memory component.

Properties of the tail portion of the antibody determine the __________ properties of the antibody.

Natural killer (NK)cells are naturally occurring leukocytes that nonspecifically destroy bacteria-infected cells and cancer cells.​

In a rare hereditary condition known as severe combined immunodeficiency,both B and T cells are lacking.​

The targets of cytotoxic T cells most frequently are host cells infected with:

Lymphoid tissues,the tonsils and tongue,provide immunological protection against inhaled pathogens near the beginning of the gastrointestinal system.

Explain anaphylactic shock.

What cause neutrophils and monocytes to stick to the blood vessel wall during an inflammatory response?​

Body-produced chemicals that make bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis are known as __________.

Cytotoxic T cells,as well as NK cells,destroy a targeted cell by releasing __________ molecules,which penetrate the target cell's surface membrane and join to form pore-like channels.

Figure12-2 Use the figure above (Figure12-2)to answer the corresponding questions.​ -Which number in the figure represents monocyte-derived macrophages,which engulf pathogens and destroy them?​

In neutralization,antibodies combine with __________ toxins,preventing these harmful chemicals from interacting with susceptible cells.

As a more subtle means of destruction,neutrophils secrete lactoferrin,a protein that tightly binds with iron,making it unavailable for use by invading bacteria.​

What cells are responsible for the body's immune system?​

TH2 cells promote antibody-mediated immunity,especially __________ production,by B cells and rev up __________ activity for defense against parasitic worms.