Exam 15: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Metabolic H₂O produced during cell metabolism and released into the ECF averages about 1,350 mL per day.

Possible causes of respiratory acidosis include fever,anxiety,and aspirin poisoning.​

What type of acid-base disorder most frequently occurs?​

What controls ammonia secretion?​

Respiration is an example of a(n)__________ loss of H₂O.​

__________ buffers the H+ generated from metabolically produced CO₂ in transit between the tissues and the lungs.​

Sodium and potassium are by far the most abundant solutes in the ECF in terms of numbers of particles and account for most ECF osmotic activity.

What does over-hydration create in the ECF?​

When the gains via input for a substance exceed its losses via output,a positive balance exists.​

What are the three ways that the body loses or excretes salt?​

What components are primarily lost from the body with sweating and vomiting?​

Ventilation is __________ by the peripheral chemoreceptors in response to a rise in arterial [H+].

Figure 15-13 Use the figure above (Figure 15-13)to answer the corresponding questions. -Which number in the figure represents respiratory acidosis?

What is the barrier between plasma and interstitial fluid?​

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is: 

When acidosis exists,the tubular cells secrete __________ into the tubular fluid once the normal urinary phosphate buffers are saturated.

The phosphate system serves as an excellent __________ buffer.​

The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is a readily available internal pool.

Vasopressin secretion and thirst are both stimulated by a free H₂O deficit and suppressed by a free H₂O excess.​

The breakdown of fruits and vegetables produces acids that,to some extent,neutralize bases derived from meat,grain,and dairy protein metabolism.