Question 1

Describe the three roles of the sodium-potassium pump.

Accepted Answer

The Na⁺-K⁺ pump plays three important roles: (1)It establishes Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration gradients across the plasma membrane of all cells;these gradients are critically important in the ability of nerve and muscle cells to generate electrical signals essential to their functioning; (2)It helps regulate cell volume by controlling the concentrations of solutes inside the cell and thus minimizing osmotic effects that would induce swelling or shrinking of the cell; (3)The energy used to run the Na⁺-K⁺ pump also indirectly serves as the energy source for secondary active transport.

Question 2

The balanced charges responsible for membrane potential accumulate in a thick layer along opposite surfaces of the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

What happens to the diffusion rate as the distance increases?

Accepted Answer

A) ​speeds up 
B) no change 
C) requires more energy 
D) triggers the membrane to change 
E) becomes slower​ 
A) ​speeds up 
B) no change 
C) requires more energy 
D) triggers the membrane to change 
E) becomes slower​ E

Question 4

Explain tonicity and how best to test it.

Accepted Answer

The tonicity of a solution is the effect

Question 5

What is the main role of membrane carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A) ​electrical conductance 
B) self-identity markers 
C) transport molecules 
D) barrier compounds 
E) ​initiates endocytosis 
A) ​electrical conductance 
B) self-identity markers 
C) transport molecules 
D) barrier compounds 
E) ​initiates endocytosis

Question 6

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures containing a relatively large amount of one substance called the solvent and smaller amounts of one or more dissolved substances called solutes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

For every two potassium ions,how many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

A) ​one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) ​five 
A) ​one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
E) ​five

Question 8

Fibronectin promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the most notable example of facilitated diffusion within the body?

Accepted Answer

A) transport of sodium out of cells 
B) transport of potassium out of cells 
C) transport of waste products out of cells 
D) transport of iron into cells 
E) transport of glucose into cells 
A) transport of sodium out of cells 
B) transport of potassium out of cells 
C) transport of waste products out of cells 
D) transport of iron into cells 
E) transport of glucose into cells

Question 10

____________________ forms flexible but non-elastic fibers or sheets that provide tensile strength.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ forms flexible but non-elastic fibers or...

Question 11

How many layers of phospholipids make up plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) ​six 
B) five 
C) four 
D) three 
E) ​two 
A) ​six 
B) five 
C) four 
D) three 
E) ​two

Question 12

The tonicity of a solution refers to the effect that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​solute has on ion volume when the solution surrounds the ions 
B) solution has on cell mass when the solution surrounds the cell 
C) solution has on cell volume when the solution surrounds the cell 
D) solvent has on cell mass when the solution surrounds the cell 
E) ​solution has on ion mass when the solution surrounds the ions 
A) ​solute has on ion volume when the solution surrounds the ions 
B) solution has on cell mass when the solution surrounds the cell 
C) solution has on cell volume when the solution surrounds the cell 
D) solvent has on cell mass when the solution surrounds the cell 
E) ​solution has on ion mass when the solution surrounds the ions

Question 13

The lipid bilayer is responsible for the ____________________ of the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lipid bilayer is responsible for the...

Question 14

Cadherins and integrins are examples of what type of membrane protein?

Accepted Answer

A) ​cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) 
B) collective additive molecules (CAMs) 
C) adhesive membrane proteins (AMPs) 
D) adhesive lipid molecules (ALMs) 
E) ​adhesive locking molecules (ALMs) 
A) ​cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) 
B) collective additive molecules (CAMs) 
C) adhesive membrane proteins (AMPs) 
D) adhesive lipid molecules (ALMs) 
E) ​adhesive locking molecules (ALMs)

Question 15

How do large polar molecules,such as the protein hormones secreted by endocrine cells or bacteria ingested by white blood cells,leave or enter the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) ​by the process known as vesicular transport 
B) by the process of osmosis 
C) by selective passive transport 
D) by the help of large lipid carriers 
E) ​by the help of large protein carriers 
A) ​by the process known as vesicular transport 
B) by the process of osmosis 
C) by selective passive transport 
D) by the help of large lipid carriers 
E) ​by the help of large protein carriers

Question 16

How is O₂ (oxygen)transported across the lung membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) ​by osmosis 
B) by pinocytosis 
C) by diffusion 
D) via a carrier lipid 
E) ​via a carrier protein 
A) ​by osmosis 
B) by pinocytosis 
C) by diffusion 
D) via a carrier lipid 
E) ​via a carrier protein

Question 17

____________________ promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ promotes cell adhesion and holds cells...

Question 18

What term refers to the net diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) ​phagocytosis 
B) pinocytosis 
C) osmosis 
D) hydrogen selectivity 
E) ​aquatic diffusion 
A) ​phagocytosis 
B) pinocytosis 
C) osmosis 
D) hydrogen selectivity 
E) ​aquatic diffusion

Question 19

In ____________________ active transport,energy is directly required to move a substance against its concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ____________________ active transport,energy is directly required...

Question 20

The term membrane potential refers to a separation of opposite charges across the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Describe the three roles of the sodium-potassium pump.

The balanced charges responsible for membrane potential accumulate in a thick layer along opposite surfaces of the membrane.

What happens to the diffusion rate as the distance increases?

Explain tonicity and how best to test it.

What is the main role of membrane carbohydrates?

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures containing a relatively large amount of one substance called the solvent and smaller amounts of one or more dissolved substances called solutes.

For every two potassium ions,how many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump?

Fibronectin promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.

What is the most notable example of facilitated diffusion within the body?

____________________ forms flexible but non-elastic fibers or sheets that provide tensile strength.

How many layers of phospholipids make up plasma membranes?

The tonicity of a solution refers to the effect that the ____.

The lipid bilayer is responsible for the ____________________ of the plasma membrane.

Cadherins and integrins are examples of what type of membrane protein?

How do large polar molecules,such as the protein hormones secreted by endocrine cells or bacteria ingested by white blood cells,leave or enter the cell?

How is O₂ (oxygen)transported across the lung membrane?

____________________ promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.

What term refers to the net diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane?

In ____________________ active transport,energy is directly required to move a substance against its concentration gradient.

The term membrane potential refers to a separation of opposite charges across the membrane.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System - Afferent Division - Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System - Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology - the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive Systembrad

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Exam 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Describe the three roles of the sodium-potassium pump.

The balanced charges responsible for membrane potential accumulate in a thick layer along opposite surfaces of the membrane.

What happens to the diffusion rate as the distance increases?

Explain tonicity and how best to test it.

What is the main role of membrane carbohydrates?

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures containing a relatively large amount of one substance called the solvent and smaller amounts of one or more dissolved substances called solutes.

For every two potassium ions,how many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump?

Fibronectin promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.

What is the most notable example of facilitated diffusion within the body?

____________________ forms flexible but non-elastic fibers or sheets that provide tensile strength.

How many layers of phospholipids make up plasma membranes?

The tonicity of a solution refers to the effect that the ____.

The lipid bilayer is responsible for the ____________________ of the plasma membrane.

Cadherins and integrins are examples of what type of membrane protein?

How do large polar molecules,such as the protein hormones secreted by endocrine cells or bacteria ingested by white blood cells,leave or enter the cell?

How is O₂ (oxygen)transported across the lung membrane?

____________________ promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.

What term refers to the net diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane?

In ____________________ active transport,energy is directly required to move a substance against its concentration gradient.

The term membrane potential refers to a separation of opposite charges across the membrane.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System - Afferent Division - Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System - Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology - the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive Systembrad

Filters