Exam 15: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Type B intercalated cells are more active than Type A intercalated cells under normal circumstances,and their activity increases even more during acidosis.

When losses for a substance exceed its gains,a(n)__________ balance exists and the total amount of the substance in the body decreases.

An increase in venous [H+] as the result of a non-respiratory (or metabolic)cause brings about reflex stimulation of the respiratory center in the hypothalamus.​

The __________ of a fluid is a measure of the concentration of the individual solute particles dissolved in it.​

The term acid-base balance refers to the precise regulation of bound hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.​

Define acclimatization and give an example.

A strong acid has a greater tendency to dissociate in solution than a weak acid does.

Without adequate vasopressin in diabetes insipidus,the kidneys cannot conserve sodium because they cannot reabsorb sodium from the late parts of the nephron.

The pH of __________ blood is normally 7.45 and the pH of __________ blood is 7.35,for an average blood pH of 7.4.

__________ fluid lies in the spaces between cells and makes exchanges with the cells,and represents four-fifths of the ECF compartment.​

__________ alkalosis is a reduction in plasma [H+] caused by a relative deficiency of non-carbonic acids.​

Figure 15-13 Use the figure above (Figure 15-13)to answer the corresponding questions. -Which figure represents metabolic alkalosis?

Synovial fluid is an example of __________ fluid.

Another stimulus for increasing both thirst and vasopressin is angiotensin II.​

The predominant excitatory input for both vasopressin secretion and thirst comes from:​

Control of ECF volume is important in the long-term regulation of __________.​

What type of tissue contains the least amount of water?

What organ is most important in compensating for respiratory acidosis?​

Figure 15-13 Use the figure above (Figure 15-13)to answer the corresponding questions. -Which number in the figure represents metabolic acidosis?​

What happens to ventilation during metabolic alkalosis?​