Exam 9: Cardiac Physiology

Parasympathetic stimulation of the __________ contractile cells shortens the __________ phase of the action potential by reducing the slow inward current carried by Ca^₂+.

In cardiac contractile cells,the L-type Ca₂+channels lie mostly in the:

 During most of ventricular diastole,the atrium is still also in diastole.​

Nitroglycerin brings about coronary vasodilation by being metabolically converted to nitric oxide,which in turn relaxes the vascular smooth muscle.​

Cardiac cells form and release more __________ when cardiac activity increases,which leads to vasodilation of the coronary vessels.

As a thrombus breaks apart,what freely floating clot can cause serious problems downstream?

What is the range of action potentials per minute for the cells in the AV node?

What is the parasympathetic nervous system's influence on the SA node?

The primary means by which more O2can be made available to the heart muscle is by increasing __________ blood flow.

What else is diastolic heart failure referred to as?​

The difference between the cardiac output at rest and the maximum volume of blood the heart can pump per minute is called the __________.​

The left side of the heart receives __________ blood from the __________ circulation and pumps it into the systemic circulation.​

What element is involved in the most important ion outward movement that gives rise to the pacemaker potential?

The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle with each contraction is called the __________.​

Where are the heart cells with the fastest rate of action potential initiation localized?

Further contributing to vessel narrowing,oxidized LDL inhibits release of __________ from the endothelial cells.

When the body is at rest,one complete cardiac cycle lasts eight seconds.​

Closure of the aortic valve produces a disturbance or notch on the aortic pressure curve,the dicrotic notch.​

What percentage of cardiac muscle cells are contractile?

What kind of a pump is the heart?