Question 1

Rods exposed to light will

Accepted Answer

A) depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B) hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C) depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D) hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
E) fire one action potential for each photon received. 
A) depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B) hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C) depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D) hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
E) fire one action potential for each photon received.

Question 2

For the processing of visual information in the central nervous system of humans, the neuronal projections of ganglion cells to the left and right lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN)are

Accepted Answer

A) all ipsilateral, meaning that left eye projections stay on the left side of the brain, and vice versa. 
B) all contralateral, meaning that left eye projections project to the right side of the brain, and vice versa. 
C) ipsilateral for the temporal side of each retina, and contralateral for the nasal side of each retina. 
D) ipsilateral for the nasal side of each retina, and contralateral for the temporal side of each retina. 
E) randomly crossed in terms of which side of the retina projects to either the left or right side of the brain. 
A) all ipsilateral, meaning that left eye projections stay on the left side of the brain, and vice versa. 
B) all contralateral, meaning that left eye projections project to the right side of the brain, and vice versa. 
C) ipsilateral for the temporal side of each retina, and contralateral for the nasal side of each retina. 
D) ipsilateral for the nasal side of each retina, and contralateral for the temporal side of each retina. 
E) randomly crossed in terms of which side of the retina projects to either the left or right side of the brain.

Question 3

Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to

Accepted Answer

A) energized cross-bridges. 
B) myosin. 
C) actin. 
D) tropomyosin. 
E) troponin. 
A) energized cross-bridges. 
B) myosin. 
C) actin. 
D) tropomyosin. 
E) troponin.

Question 4

Tastes and smells are similar in that

Accepted Answer

A) both types of stimuli are present in thousands of different chemicals. 
B) both types of stimuli must be dissolved in a body fluid before they can be detected. 
C) both types of stimuli are proteins (that is, molecules of very large size and high molecular weight). 
D) both types of stimuli evoke action potentials in the cells to which they bind. 
E) any given stimulus for one system evokes a response from the other system. 
A) both types of stimuli are present in thousands of different chemicals. 
B) both types of stimuli must be dissolved in a body fluid before they can be detected. 
C) both types of stimuli are proteins (that is, molecules of very large size and high molecular weight). 
D) both types of stimuli evoke action potentials in the cells to which they bind. 
E) any given stimulus for one system evokes a response from the other system.

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The migration path of monarch butterflies brings them from Eastern Canada to Mexico over a long, multi-generational journey. During a series of experiments in a chamber, monarchs were observed to fly in a southwest direction. When their circadian rhythms were altered by -6 and +6 hours, the monarchs flew in a southeast or northwest direction, respectively.
-Which kind of photoreceptor would you expect the butterfly to have?

Accepted Answer

A) ocelli 
B) single lens eye 
C) compound eye 
D) eye spot 
E) pupil 
A) ocelli 
B) single lens eye 
C) compound eye 
D) eye spot 
E) pupil

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fibre? 1. Tropomyosin shifts and unblocks the cross-bridge binding sites.
2. Calcium is released and binds to the troponin complex.
3. Transverse tubules depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4. The thin filaments are ratcheted across the thick filaments by the heads of the myosin molecules using energy from ATP.
5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which depolarizes the muscle cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B) 2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D) 5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
A) 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B) 2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 
C) 2 → 3 → 4 → 1 → 5 
D) 5 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4

Question 7

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

Accepted Answer

A) integration. 
B) transmission. 
C) transduction. 
D) transcription. 
E) amplification. 
A) integration. 
B) transmission. 
C) transduction. 
D) transcription. 
E) amplification.

Question 8

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Accepted Answer

A) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain. 
A) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C) hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane that stimulate the tectorial membrane neurons, leading to the auditory section of the brain.

Question 9

Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibres, those classified as glycolytic typically have

Accepted Answer

A) a higher concentration of myoglobin. 
B) a higher density of mitochondria. 
C) a darker visual appearance. 
D) a smaller diameter. 
E) less resistance to fatigue. 
A) a higher concentration of myoglobin. 
B) a higher density of mitochondria. 
C) a darker visual appearance. 
D) a smaller diameter. 
E) less resistance to fatigue.

Question 10

The ratio of expressed receptor types to taste cells is

Accepted Answer

A) ~10:1 
B) ~100:1 
C) ~1000:1 
D) 1:1 
E) 1:~100 
A) ~10:1 
B) ~100:1 
C) ~1000:1 
D) 1:1 
E) 1:~100

Question 11

An endoskeleton is the primary body support for the

Accepted Answer

A) annelids, including earthworms. 
B) insects, including beetles. 
C) cartilaginous fishes, including sharks. 
D) bivalves, including clams. 
E) crustaceans, including lobsters. 
A) annelids, including earthworms. 
B) insects, including beetles. 
C) cartilaginous fishes, including sharks. 
D) bivalves, including clams. 
E) crustaceans, including lobsters.

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Rods exposed to light will

For the processing of visual information in the central nervous system of humans, the neuronal projections of ganglion cells to the left and right lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN)are

Skeletal muscle contraction begins when calcium ions bind to

Tastes and smells are similar in that

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Compared to oxidative skeletal muscle fibres, those classified as glycolytic typically have

The ratio of expressed receptor types to taste cells is

An endoskeleton is the primary body support for the

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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