Question 1

When ascending in an airplane, you feel your ears pop. This equalization of pressure is due to which auditory structure?

Accepted Answer

A) tectorial membrane 
B) stapes 
C) cochlea 
D) utricle 
E) Eustachian tube 
A) tectorial membrane 
B) stapes 
C) cochlea 
D) utricle 
E) Eustachian tube

Question 2

Proteins coded by a very large family of related genes are active in the sensory transduction of

Accepted Answer

A) gustatory stimuli. 
B) olfactory stimuli. 
C) visual stimuli. 
D) auditory stimuli. 
E) stimuli related to the position of the head. 
A) gustatory stimuli. 
B) olfactory stimuli. 
C) visual stimuli. 
D) auditory stimuli. 
E) stimuli related to the position of the head.

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The structure pictured in the figure is found in

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. 
B) cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles. 
C) smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 
D) smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles. 
E) smooth muscles. 
A) skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. 
B) cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles. 
C) smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 
D) smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles. 
E) smooth muscles.

Question 4

The lateral line system in fish transduces sensory information in a manner that, among these choices, is most similar to

Accepted Answer

A) human vision. 
B) human olfaction. 
C) human gustation. 
D) human vestibular sense. 
E) human thermoreception. 
A) human vision. 
B) human olfaction. 
C) human gustation. 
D) human vestibular sense. 
E) human thermoreception.

Question 5

Most of the chemosensory neurons arising in the nasal cavity have axonal projections that terminate in the

Accepted Answer

A) gustatory complex. 
B) anterior hypothalamus. 
C) olfactory bulb. 
D) occipital lobe. 
E) posterior pituitary gland. 
A) gustatory complex. 
B) anterior hypothalamus. 
C) olfactory bulb. 
D) occipital lobe. 
E) posterior pituitary gland.

Question 6

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

Accepted Answer

A) ATP hydrolysis. 
B) the initiation of an action potential. 
C) maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D) initiating contraction. 
E) its ability to sustain glycolysis. 
A) ATP hydrolysis. 
B) the initiation of an action potential. 
C) maintaining its resting membrane potential. 
D) initiating contraction. 
E) its ability to sustain glycolysis.

Question 7

The correct sequence of sensory processing is

Accepted Answer

A) sensory adaptation → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception. 
B) stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception → sensory adaptation. 
C) sensory perception → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory adaptation. 
D) sensory perception → sensory transduction → stimulus reception → sensory adaptation. 
E) stimulus reception → sensory perception → sensory adaptation → sensory transduction. 
A) sensory adaptation → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception. 
B) stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception → sensory adaptation. 
C) sensory perception → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory adaptation. 
D) sensory perception → sensory transduction → stimulus reception → sensory adaptation. 
E) stimulus reception → sensory perception → sensory adaptation → sensory transduction.

Question 8

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Myosin filaments without actin overlap are in which section of the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 9

The calcium ions released into the cytosol during excitation of skeletal muscle bind to

Accepted Answer

A) troponin. 
B) tropomyosin. 
C) actin. 
D) myosin. 
E) transverse tubules. 
A) troponin. 
B) tropomyosin. 
C) actin. 
D) myosin. 
E) transverse tubules.

Question 10

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when

Accepted Answer

A) the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits. 
B) moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula. 
C) rods and cones provide information that does not correspond with information received by cochlear hair cells. 
D) the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane. 
E) the utricle is horizontal but the saccule is vertical. 
A) the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits. 
B) moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula. 
C) rods and cones provide information that does not correspond with information received by cochlear hair cells. 
D) the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane. 
E) the utricle is horizontal but the saccule is vertical.

Question 11

Lateral inhibition via amacrine cells in the mammalian retina

Accepted Answer

A) underlies habituation of vision. 
B) enhances visual contrast. 
C) prevents bleaching in bright light. 
D) is required for colour vision to occur. 
E) recycles neurotransmitter molecules. 
A) underlies habituation of vision. 
B) enhances visual contrast. 
C) prevents bleaching in bright light. 
D) is required for colour vision to occur. 
E) recycles neurotransmitter molecules.

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
In science class, you are identifying and dissecting several fish species. In fish #1, you observe that the muscle tissue is primarily light coloured, while fish #2 has dark muscle tissue.
-What assumption can you make about fish #1? I. The fish would fatigue quickly.
II. Muscle fibres have a large diameter.
III. Fibres have very little myoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 13

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will

Accepted Answer

A) immediately relax. 
B) release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C) enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D) fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigour." 
E) sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A) immediately relax. 
B) release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C) enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D) fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigour." 
E) sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

The olfactory bulbs are located

Accepted Answer

A) in the nasal cavity. 
B) in the anterior pituitary gland. 
C) in the posterior pituitary gland. 
D) in the brain. 
E) in the brainstem. 
A) in the nasal cavity. 
B) in the anterior pituitary gland. 
C) in the posterior pituitary gland. 
D) in the brain. 
E) in the brainstem.

Question 15

The "motor unit" in vertebrate skeletal muscle refers to

Accepted Answer

A) one actin binding site and its myosin partner. 
B) one sarcomere and all of its actin and myosin filaments. 
C) one myofibril and all of its sarcomeres. 
D) one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres on which it has synapses. 
E) an entire muscle. 
A) one actin binding site and its myosin partner. 
B) one sarcomere and all of its actin and myosin filaments. 
C) one myofibril and all of its sarcomeres. 
D) one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres on which it has synapses. 
E) an entire muscle.

Question 16

A rod exposed to light will

Accepted Answer

A) fire action potentials that will increase its release of glutamate. 
B) undergo a graded depolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
C) undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
D) undergo a graded depolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate. 
E) undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate. 
A) fire action potentials that will increase its release of glutamate. 
B) undergo a graded depolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
C) undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will increase its release of glutamate. 
D) undergo a graded depolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate. 
E) undergo a graded hyperpolarization that will decrease its release of glutamate.

Question 17

Immediately after putting on a shirt, your skin might feel itchy. However, this perception soon fades due to

Accepted Answer

A) sensory adaptation. 
B) accommodation. 
C) the increase of transduction. 
D) reduced motor unit recruitment. 
E) reduced receptor amplification. 
A) sensory adaptation. 
B) accommodation. 
C) the increase of transduction. 
D) reduced motor unit recruitment. 
E) reduced receptor amplification.

Question 18

Most of the ATP supplies for a skeletal muscle undergoing one hour of sustained exercise come from

Accepted Answer

A) creatine phosphate. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) substrate phosphorylation. 
D) oxidative phosphorylation. 
E) de novo synthesis. 
A) creatine phosphate. 
B) glycolysis. 
C) substrate phosphorylation. 
D) oxidative phosphorylation. 
E) de novo synthesis.

Question 19

The 11 pairs of appendages projecting from the rostral area of star-nosed moles are

Accepted Answer

A) chemosensory structures. 
B) tactile structures. 
C) olfactory structures. 
D) highly sensitive photoreceptors. 
E) gustatory structures. 
A) chemosensory structures. 
B) tactile structures. 
C) olfactory structures. 
D) highly sensitive photoreceptors. 
E) gustatory structures.

Question 20

An earthworm without a statocyst would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A) move. 
B) sense light. 
C) hear. 
D) orient with respect to gravity. 
E) respond to touch. 
A) move. 
B) sense light. 
C) hear. 
D) orient with respect to gravity. 
E) respond to touch.

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

When ascending in an airplane, you feel your ears pop. This equalization of pressure is due to which auditory structure?

Proteins coded by a very large family of related genes are active in the sensory transduction of

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The structure pictured in the figure is found in

The lateral line system in fish transduces sensory information in a manner that, among these choices, is most similar to

Most of the chemosensory neurons arising in the nasal cavity have axonal projections that terminate in the

A skeletal muscle with abnormally low levels of calcium ions would be impaired in

The correct sequence of sensory processing is

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Myosin filaments without actin overlap are in which section of the figure?

The calcium ions released into the cytosol during excitation of skeletal muscle bind to

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when

Lateral inhibition via amacrine cells in the mammalian retina

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will

The olfactory bulbs are located

The "motor unit" in vertebrate skeletal muscle refers to

A rod exposed to light will

Immediately after putting on a shirt, your skin might feel itchy. However, this perception soon fades due to

Most of the ATP supplies for a skeletal muscle undergoing one hour of sustained exercise come from

The 11 pairs of appendages projecting from the rostral area of star-nosed moles are

An earthworm without a statocyst would not be able to

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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