Question 1

During mammalian labour and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a negative feedback system. 
B) a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C) a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D) signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E) the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction. 
A) a negative feedback system. 
B) a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C) a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D) signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E) the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction.

Question 2

The endocrine glands include the

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid glands. 
B) salivary glands. 
C) sweat glands. 
D) sebaceous glands. 
E) gallbladder. 
A) parathyroid glands. 
B) salivary glands. 
C) sweat glands. 
D) sebaceous glands. 
E) gallbladder.

Question 3

Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for 24 hours would be expected to reveal high levels of

Accepted Answer

A) insulin. 
B) glucagon. 
C) secretin. 
D) gastrin. 
E) glucose. 
A) insulin. 
B) glucagon. 
C) secretin. 
D) gastrin. 
E) glucose.

Question 4

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid glands. 
B) adrenal glands. 
C) thyroid glands. 
D) the endocrine pancreas. 
E) the exocrine pancreas. 
A) parathyroid glands. 
B) adrenal glands. 
C) thyroid glands. 
D) the endocrine pancreas. 
E) the exocrine pancreas.

Question 5

In response to stress, the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon. 
B) cortisol. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) ACTH. 
A) glucagon. 
B) cortisol. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) ACTH.

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Your niece is playing in the backyard and finds a beautiful moth. Being interested in insects, you perform research to find out what kind of moth it is. You determine that it is a luna moth (Actias luna). Similar to other moths, the luna moth moults several times throughout development and ultimately metamorphoses into a mouthless adult. The adult will live for approximately one week with the sole purpose of mating.
-The hormone responsible for inducing moulting in the developing moth is

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) thyroid hormone. 
C) juvenile hormone. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) thyroxine 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) thyroid hormone. 
C) juvenile hormone. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) thyroxine

Question 7

Hormones that promote homeostasis

Accepted Answer

A) are not found as members of antagonistic signalling mechanisms. 
B) travel to target cells without passage in the plasma. 
C) utilize receptors that bind any hormone. 
D) initiate signal transduction in the target cell without binding to receptors. 
E) usually operate as part of a negative feedback system. 
A) are not found as members of antagonistic signalling mechanisms. 
B) travel to target cells without passage in the plasma. 
C) utilize receptors that bind any hormone. 
D) initiate signal transduction in the target cell without binding to receptors. 
E) usually operate as part of a negative feedback system.

Question 8

The amino acid tyrosine is a starting substrate for the synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) steroid hormones. 
C) parathyroid hormone. 
D) vitamin D. 
E) acetylcholine. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) steroid hormones. 
C) parathyroid hormone. 
D) vitamin D. 
E) acetylcholine.

Question 9

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Accepted Answer

A) a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes. 
A) a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes.

Question 10

A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid hormone. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) acetylcholine. 
E) ecdysteroid. 
A) parathyroid hormone. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) acetylcholine. 
E) ecdysteroid.

Question 11

Based on their effects, which pair below would not be expected to be active at the same time and place?

Accepted Answer

A) prostaglandin and nitric oxide 
B) growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors 
C) endocrine and exocrine glands 
D) hormones and target cells 
E) neurosecretory cells and neurotransmitters 
A) prostaglandin and nitric oxide 
B) growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors 
C) endocrine and exocrine glands 
D) hormones and target cells 
E) neurosecretory cells and neurotransmitters

Question 12

The autonomic nervous system includes an endocrine gland known as the

Accepted Answer

A) ovary. 
B) adrenal medulla. 
C) adrenal cortex. 
D) testis. 
E) thyroid. 
A) ovary. 
B) adrenal medulla. 
C) adrenal cortex. 
D) testis. 
E) thyroid.

Question 13

Aspirin and ibuprofen both

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. 
B) inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. 
C) activate the paracrine signalling pathways that form blood clots. 
D) stimulate the release of oxytocin. 
E) stimulate vasoconstriction in the kidneys. 
A) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. 
B) inhibit the release of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. 
C) activate the paracrine signalling pathways that form blood clots. 
D) stimulate the release of oxytocin. 
E) stimulate vasoconstriction in the kidneys.

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
John Smith competes in amateur bodybuilding competitions. He frequently wins first place much to the dismay of his opponents. John has excessively large hands and some of his facial features appear distorted. The amateur league that he competes in does not test for performance enhancing substances.
-Competitors believe John may be supplementing his diet and exercise regime with

Accepted Answer

A) PTH. 
B) GH. 
C) MSH. 
D) ACTH. 
E) FSH. 
A) PTH. 
B) GH. 
C) MSH. 
D) ACTH. 
E) FSH.

Question 15

Suppose that substance X is secreted by one cell, travels via interstitial fluid to a neighbouring cell, and produces an effect on that cell. All of the following terms could describe this substance except

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine signal. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) pheromone. 
E) growth factor. 
A) paracrine signal. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) pheromone. 
E) growth factor.

Question 16

The drug Viagra (sildenafil citrate)is a local regulator and neurotransmitter used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by prolonging the activity of the ________ response pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) vasopressin 
B) testosterone 
C) prostaglandin 
D) nitric oxide 
E) epinephrine 
A) vasopressin 
B) testosterone 
C) prostaglandin 
D) nitric oxide 
E) epinephrine

Question 17

Endocrine glands that are sources of steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A) secrete the steroids through ducts into the blood. 
B) store those hormones in membrane-bound vesicles. 
C) have a very short latency between steroid synthesis and steroid release. 
D) are all controlled by the autonomic nervous system. 
E) operate independently of other hormonal cuing systems. 
A) secrete the steroids through ducts into the blood. 
B) store those hormones in membrane-bound vesicles. 
C) have a very short latency between steroid synthesis and steroid release. 
D) are all controlled by the autonomic nervous system. 
E) operate independently of other hormonal cuing systems.

Question 18

When the beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood

Accepted Answer

A) the blood glucose levels rise to a set point and stimulate glucagon release. 
B) the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate. 
C) the liver catabolizes glycogen. 
D) the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucose into the blood. 
E) the kidneys begin gluconeogenesis. 
A) the blood glucose levels rise to a set point and stimulate glucagon release. 
B) the skeletal muscles and the adipose cells take up glucose at a faster rate. 
C) the liver catabolizes glycogen. 
D) the alpha cells of the pancreas release glucose into the blood. 
E) the kidneys begin gluconeogenesis.

Question 19

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from

Accepted Answer

A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
D) injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
E) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
D) injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
E) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 20

The steroid hormone that coordinates moulting in arthropods is

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

During mammalian labour and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

The endocrine glands include the

Analysis of a blood sample from a fasting individual who had not eaten for 24 hours would be expected to reveal high levels of

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

In response to stress, the adrenal gland promotes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates via the action of the steroid hormone

Hormones that promote homeostasis

The amino acid tyrosine is a starting substrate for the synthesis of

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is

Based on their effects, which pair below would not be expected to be active at the same time and place?

The autonomic nervous system includes an endocrine gland known as the

Aspirin and ibuprofen both

Suppose that substance X is secreted by one cell, travels via interstitial fluid to a neighbouring cell, and produces an effect on that cell. All of the following terms could describe this substance except

The drug Viagra (sildenafil citrate)is a local regulator and neurotransmitter used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by prolonging the activity of the ________ response pathway.

Endocrine glands that are sources of steroid hormones

When the beta cells of the pancreas release insulin into the blood

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from

The steroid hormone that coordinates moulting in arthropods is

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters