Question 1

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B) insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C) progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E) oxytocin and prolactin in milk production. 
A) thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B) insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C) progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E) oxytocin and prolactin in milk production.

Question 2

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A) functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. 
B) functions only in neuronal transmission. 
C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D) secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary. 
A) functions only as an endocrine target, by having lots of receptors on its cells. 
B) functions only in neuronal transmission. 
C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D) secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) includes neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary.

Question 3

Which endocrine disorder is correctly matched with the malfunctioning gland?

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes insipidus and the posterior pituitary gland 
B) giantism and the posterior pituitary gland 
C) goiter and the adrenal medulla 
D) diabetes mellitus and the parathyroid glands 
E) dwarfism and the adrenal cortex 
A) diabetes insipidus and the posterior pituitary gland 
B) giantism and the posterior pituitary gland 
C) goiter and the adrenal medulla 
D) diabetes mellitus and the parathyroid glands 
E) dwarfism and the adrenal cortex

Question 4

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Accepted Answer

A) is a nonspecific hormone. 
B) has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D) is derived from two separate sources. 
E) interacts with many different receptor molecules. 
A) is a nonspecific hormone. 
B) has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C) is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D) is derived from two separate sources. 
E) interacts with many different receptor molecules.

Question 5

A tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland regulates the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid hormone. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) glucagon. 
A) parathyroid hormone. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) glucagon.

Question 6

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) growth hormone. 
D) calcitonin. 
E) glucagon. 
A) thyroxine. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) growth hormone. 
D) calcitonin. 
E) glucagon.

Question 7

Epinephrine is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) a glucocorticoid. 
A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) a glucocorticoid.

Question 8

Shortly after ingesting a big plate of carbohydrate-rich pasta, you measure your blood's hormone levels. What results would you expect, compared to before the meal?

Accepted Answer

A) high insulin, low glucagon 
B) low insulin, low glucagon 
C) high insulin, high glucagon 
D) low insulin, high glucagon 
E) low insulin, no change in glucagon 
A) high insulin, low glucagon 
B) low insulin, low glucagon 
C) high insulin, high glucagon 
D) low insulin, high glucagon 
E) low insulin, no change in glucagon

Question 9

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Accepted Answer

A) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B) the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C) the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E) the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration. 
A) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B) the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C) the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E) the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration.

Question 10

Testosterone is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) an adrenal steroid. 
A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) an adrenal steroid.

Question 11

Ecdysteroid is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) peptide hormone. 
B) amine derivative. 
C) steroid hormone. 
D) iodinated protein hormone made by the thyroid gland. 
E) gaseous neurotransmitter. 
A) peptide hormone. 
B) amine derivative. 
C) steroid hormone. 
D) iodinated protein hormone made by the thyroid gland. 
E) gaseous neurotransmitter.

Question 12

Nitric oxide and epinephrine

Accepted Answer

A) both function as neurotransmitters. 
B) both function as steroid hormones. 
C) are both involved in the "fight-or-flight" response. 
D) bind the same receptors. 
E) both cause a reduction in the blood levels of glucose. 
A) both function as neurotransmitters. 
B) both function as steroid hormones. 
C) are both involved in the "fight-or-flight" response. 
D) bind the same receptors. 
E) both cause a reduction in the blood levels of glucose.

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
John Smith competes in amateur bodybuilding competitions. He frequently wins first place much to the dismay of his opponents. John has excessively large hands and some of his facial features appear distorted. The amateur league that he competes in does not test for performance enhancing substances.
-To lose weight quickly before a competition, John will sometimes fast for 48 hours so that his muscles look more defined. Because of the absence of fuel intake, John's body will start to synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, which is promoted by glucocorticoids from the

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex. 
B) parathyroid gland. 
C) adrenal medulla. 
D) posterior pituitary gland. 
E) pineal gland. 
A) adrenal cortex. 
B) parathyroid gland. 
C) adrenal medulla. 
D) posterior pituitary gland. 
E) pineal gland.

Question 14

All hormones

Accepted Answer

A) are produced by endocrine glands. 
B) are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C) are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D) are protein molecules. 
E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells. 
A) are produced by endocrine glands. 
B) are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C) are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D) are protein molecules. 
E) elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells.

Question 15

Winter hibernation and spring reproduction in bears are cued by seasonal changes in the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A) melatonin from the pineal gland. 
B) melatonin from the hypothalamus. 
C) thyroxine from the anterior pituitary gland. 
D) acetylcholine from the pineal gland. 
E) thyroid-stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary gland. 
A) melatonin from the pineal gland. 
B) melatonin from the hypothalamus. 
C) thyroxine from the anterior pituitary gland. 
D) acetylcholine from the pineal gland. 
E) thyroid-stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 16

During short-term starvation, most available fuel molecules are catabolized to provide energy for metabolism rather than being used as building blocks for growth and repair, a trade-off that is hormonally regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) antidiuretic hormone. 
E) insulin. 
A) acetylcholine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) antidiuretic hormone. 
E) insulin.

Question 17

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labour and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) glucagon. 
C) thyroxine. 
D) oxytocin. 
E) growth hormone.

Question 18

The hypothalamus modulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary by means of

Accepted Answer

A) peptide hormones. 
B) steroid hormones. 
C) electrical synapses. 
D) neurotransmitters. 
E) paracrine signals. 
A) peptide hormones. 
B) steroid hormones. 
C) electrical synapses. 
D) neurotransmitters. 
E) paracrine signals.

Question 19

Insect hormones and their receptors

Accepted Answer

A) act independently of each other. 
B) are a focus in pest-control research. 
C) utilize cell-surface receptors only. 
D) are active independently of environmental cues. 
E) are not relevant to the study of steroid hormones. 
A) act independently of each other. 
B) are a focus in pest-control research. 
C) utilize cell-surface receptors only. 
D) are active independently of environmental cues. 
E) are not relevant to the study of steroid hormones.

Question 20

Growth factors are local regulators that

Accepted Answer

A) are produced by the anterior pituitary. 
B) are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. 
C) are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division. 
D) bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells. 
E) convey messages between nerve cells. 
A) are produced by the anterior pituitary. 
B) are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. 
C) are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division. 
D) bind to cell-surface receptors and stimulate growth and development of target cells. 
E) convey messages between nerve cells.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

The hypothalamus

Which endocrine disorder is correctly matched with the malfunctioning gland?

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

A tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland regulates the secretion of

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Epinephrine is an example of

Shortly after ingesting a big plate of carbohydrate-rich pasta, you measure your blood's hormone levels. What results would you expect, compared to before the meal?

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Testosterone is an example of

Ecdysteroid is a(n)

Nitric oxide and epinephrine

All hormones

Winter hibernation and spring reproduction in bears are cued by seasonal changes in the secretion of

During short-term starvation, most available fuel molecules are catabolized to provide energy for metabolism rather than being used as building blocks for growth and repair, a trade-off that is hormonally regulated by

The increased contraction of the human uterus during labour and delivery is at least partially due to the actions of

The hypothalamus modulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary by means of

Insect hormones and their receptors

Growth factors are local regulators that

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters