Question 1

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) nitric oxide - local regulator 
B) cortisol - steroid hormone 
C) estrogen - steroid hormone 
D) cytokines - local regulator 
E) prostaglandin - peptide hormone 
A) nitric oxide - local regulator 
B) cortisol - steroid hormone 
C) estrogen - steroid hormone 
D) cytokines - local regulator 
E) prostaglandin - peptide hormone

Question 2

To prevent insect pests from maturing into reproducing adults, pest controllers use synthetic agonists of

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysteroid. 
B) juvenile hormone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) brain hormone. 
E) prothoracic hormone. 
A) ecdysteroid. 
B) juvenile hormone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) brain hormone. 
E) prothoracic hormone.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Accepted Answer

A) greater production of T₃ than of T₄ 
B) hyposecretion of TSH 
C) hypersecretion of TSH 
D) hypersecretion of MSH 
E) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin 
A) greater production of T₃ than of T₄ 
B) hyposecretion of TSH 
C) hypersecretion of TSH 
D) hypersecretion of MSH 
E) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

Question 4

Steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common

Accepted Answer

A) the building blocks from which they are synthesized. 
B) their solubility in cell membranes. 
C) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream. 
D) the location of their receptors. 
E) their reliance on signal transduction in the cell. 
A) the building blocks from which they are synthesized. 
B) their solubility in cell membranes. 
C) their requirement for travel through the bloodstream. 
D) the location of their receptors. 
E) their reliance on signal transduction in the cell.

Question 5

A product of the anterior pituitary gland that causes colour changes in its target cells is

Accepted Answer

A) FSH. 
B) LH. 
C) TSH. 
D) MSH. 
E) ACTH. 
A) FSH. 
B) LH. 
C) TSH. 
D) MSH. 
E) ACTH.

Question 6

Estradiol is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) a glucocorticoid. 
A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) a glucocorticoid.

Question 7

A chemical signal operating in a paracrine manner is one that

Accepted Answer

A) is active at a neuronal synapse. 
B) affects only the cells that synthesize the paracrine signal. 
C) requires transport in the blood before it can act on its target cells. 
D) evokes responses from all parts of the vascular system. 
E) must move through the air before it reaches its target cells. 
A) is active at a neuronal synapse. 
B) affects only the cells that synthesize the paracrine signal. 
C) requires transport in the blood before it can act on its target cells. 
D) evokes responses from all parts of the vascular system. 
E) must move through the air before it reaches its target cells.

Question 8

A fantasy movie features a caterpillar that never matures into an adult, but simply gets larger and larger with each moult. It might be possible that the caterpillar did not mature into an adult because of

Accepted Answer

A) a lack of ecdysone. 
B) a lack of juvenile hormone. 
C) a decreased level of ecdysteroid. 
D) an increased level of juvenile hormone. 
E) a lack of melatonin. 
A) a lack of ecdysone. 
B) a lack of juvenile hormone. 
C) a decreased level of ecdysteroid. 
D) an increased level of juvenile hormone. 
E) a lack of melatonin.

Question 9

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus. 
B) adenohypophysis. 
C) anterior pituitary. 
D) adrenal cortex. 
E) posterior pituitary. 
A) hypothalamus. 
B) adenohypophysis. 
C) anterior pituitary. 
D) adrenal cortex. 
E) posterior pituitary.

Question 10

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then

Accepted Answer

A) the steroid and peptide hormones must use the same biochemical mechanisms. 
B) the steroid and peptide hormones must bind to the same receptor protein. 
C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins, whereas peptide hormones activate effector proteins already present in the cell. 
D) the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. 
E) the steroid hormones affect only the release of proteins from the target cell, whereas peptide hormones affect only the synthesis of proteins that remain in the target cell. 
A) the steroid and peptide hormones must use the same biochemical mechanisms. 
B) the steroid and peptide hormones must bind to the same receptor protein. 
C) the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins, whereas peptide hormones activate effector proteins already present in the cell. 
D) the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. 
E) the steroid hormones affect only the release of proteins from the target cell, whereas peptide hormones affect only the synthesis of proteins that remain in the target cell.

Question 11

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak bones resulting from calcium loss. The hormone responsible for blood calcium regulation is

Accepted Answer

A) LH. 
B) HGH. 
C) PTH. 
D) ACTH. 
E) FSH. 
A) LH. 
B) HGH. 
C) PTH. 
D) ACTH. 
E) FSH.

Question 12

Portal blood vessels connect two capillary beds found in the

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus and thalamus. 
B) anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. 
C) hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. 
D) posterior pituitary and thyroid gland. 
E) anterior pituitary and adrenal gland. 
A) hypothalamus and thalamus. 
B) anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. 
C) hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. 
D) posterior pituitary and thyroid gland. 
E) anterior pituitary and adrenal gland.

Question 13

Low blood pressure → production of angiotensin II → secretion of aldosterone → stimulates kidney cells to reabsorb Na⁺ and H₂O from filtrate → increase in blood pressure. In this example, aldosterone functions as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) progestin 
B) mineralocorticoid 
C) catecholamine 
D) glucocorticoid 
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone. 
A) progestin 
B) mineralocorticoid 
C) catecholamine 
D) glucocorticoid 
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Question 14

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

Accepted Answer

A) an undersecretion of thyroxine. 
B) a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. 
C) a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. 
D) hyposecretion of oxytocin. 
E) a higher than normal level of melatonin. 
A) an undersecretion of thyroxine. 
B) a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. 
C) a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. 
D) hyposecretion of oxytocin. 
E) a higher than normal level of melatonin.

Question 15

During a stressful interval

Accepted Answer

A) TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. 
B) the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. 
C) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla. 
D) the posterior pituitary gland secretes more growth hormones. 
E) the calcium levels in the blood are increased due to actions of two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
A) TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. 
B) the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. 
C) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla. 
D) the posterior pituitary gland secretes more growth hormones. 
E) the calcium levels in the blood are increased due to actions of two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 16

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

Accepted Answer

A) different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C) a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. 
D) the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E) the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system. 
A) different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C) a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways. 
D) the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets. 
E) the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system.

Question 17

Which category of signal exerts its effects on target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptor proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) neurohormones 
B) estrogens 
C) androgens 
D) vitamin D 
E) neurohormones, estrogens, androgens, and vitamin D 
A) neurohormones 
B) estrogens 
C) androgens 
D) vitamin D 
E) neurohormones, estrogens, androgens, and vitamin D

Question 18

All of the following statements about diabetes mellitus are true except

Accepted Answer

A) type I is insulin-dependent. 
B) type II can be managed with regular exercise and a healthy diet. 
C) glucose is present in the urine. 
D) insulin can be extracted from genetically engineered fungi. 
E) type II is non-insulin-dependent. 
A) type I is insulin-dependent. 
B) type II can be managed with regular exercise and a healthy diet. 
C) glucose is present in the urine. 
D) insulin can be extracted from genetically engineered fungi. 
E) type II is non-insulin-dependent.

Question 19

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions

Accepted Answer

A) negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. 
B) the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C) both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D) endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts. 
E) it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system. 
A) negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. 
B) the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C) both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D) endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts. 
E) it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system.

Question 20

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects the very cells that synthesize it, the neighbouring cells in the testis, along with distant cells outside the gonads. Thus, testosterone is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an autocrine signal. 
B) a paracrine signal. 
C) an endocrine signal. 
D) both an autocrine signal and a paracrine signal. 
E) an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal. 
A) an autocrine signal. 
B) a paracrine signal. 
C) an endocrine signal. 
D) both an autocrine signal and a paracrine signal. 
E) an autocrine signal, a paracrine signal, and an endocrine signal.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Which of the following are incorrectly paired?

To prevent insect pests from maturing into reproducing adults, pest controllers use synthetic agonists of

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common

A product of the anterior pituitary gland that causes colour changes in its target cells is

Estradiol is an example of

A chemical signal operating in a paracrine manner is one that

A fantasy movie features a caterpillar that never matures into an adult, but simply gets larger and larger with each moult. It might be possible that the caterpillar did not mature into an adult because of

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak bones resulting from calcium loss. The hormone responsible for blood calcium regulation is

Portal blood vessels connect two capillary beds found in the

Low blood pressure → production of angiotensin II → secretion of aldosterone → stimulates kidney cells to reabsorb Na⁺ and H₂O from filtrate → increase in blood pressure. In this example, aldosterone functions as a(n)

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

During a stressful interval

Different body cells can respond differently to the same peptide hormones because

Which category of signal exerts its effects on target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptor proteins?

All of the following statements about diabetes mellitus are true except

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions

Testosterone is an example of a chemical signal that affects the very cells that synthesize it, the neighbouring cells in the testis, along with distant cells outside the gonads. Thus, testosterone is an example of

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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