Question 1

All the following are correct about antibiotic resistance, except

Accepted Answer

A) is an example of evolution in action 
B) resistance genes are carried by F plasmids 
C) resistance genes are carried by R plasmids 
D) can occur as a result of mutations 
E) B and C 
A) is an example of evolution in action 
B) resistance genes are carried by F plasmids 
C) resistance genes are carried by R plasmids 
D) can occur as a result of mutations 
E) B and C

Question 2

If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be the most likely and most direct result?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of organisms on Earth would decrease by 10-20%. 
B) Human populations would thrive in the absence of disease. 
C) Bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase. 
D) The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially. 
E) There would be no more pathogens on Earth. 
A) The number of organisms on Earth would decrease by 10-20%. 
B) Human populations would thrive in the absence of disease. 
C) Bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase. 
D) The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially. 
E) There would be no more pathogens on Earth.

Question 3

The figure below depicts changes to the amount of DNA present in a recipient cell that is engaged in conjugation with an Hfr cell. Hfr cell DNA begins entering the recipient cell at Time A. Assume that reciprocal crossing over occurs (in other words, a fragment of the recipient's chromosome is exchanged for a homologous fragment from the Hfr cell's DNA). Use this figure to answer the following questions.
  
-Which question, arising from the results depicted in the above figure, is most interesting from a genetic perspective, and has the greatest potential to increase our knowledge base?

Accepted Answer

A) If reciprocal crossing over could occur even if the piece of donated Hfr DNA were identical to the homologous portion of the recipient's chromosome, what prevents this from occurring? 
B) What forces are generally responsible for disrupting the sex pilus? 
C) How is it that a recipient cell does not necessarily become an Hfr cell as the result of conjugation with an Hfr cell? 
D) What makes a cell an Hfr cell? 
A) If reciprocal crossing over could occur even if the piece of donated Hfr DNA were identical to the homologous portion of the recipient's chromosome, what prevents this from occurring? 
B) What forces are generally responsible for disrupting the sex pilus? 
C) How is it that a recipient cell does not necessarily become an Hfr cell as the result of conjugation with an Hfr cell? 
D) What makes a cell an Hfr cell?

Question 4

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions.
A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan.
-In which feature(s)should one be able to locate a complete chromosome of this bacterium? 1. nucleolus
2. prophage
3. endospore
4. nucleoid

Accepted Answer

A) 4 only 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 2 and 3 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 2, 3, and 4 
A) 4 only 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 2 and 3 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 2, 3, and 4

Question 5

Bacteria perform each of the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve a symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) skin commensalist 
B) decomposer 
C) aggregates with methane-consuming archaea 
D) gut mutualist 
E) pathogen 
A) skin commensalist 
B) decomposer 
C) aggregates with methane-consuming archaea 
D) gut mutualist 
E) pathogen

Question 6

In general, what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases 
B) breaking down organic matter 
C) metabolizing materials in extreme environments 
D) adding methane to the atmosphere 
E) serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments 
A) parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases 
B) breaking down organic matter 
C) metabolizing materials in extreme environments 
D) adding methane to the atmosphere 
E) serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments

Exam 27: Bacteria and Archaea

All the following are correct about antibiotic resistance, except

If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be the most likely and most direct result?

Bacteria perform each of the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve a symbiosis?

In general, what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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