Question 1

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

A) endoplasmic reticulum proteins 
B) extracellular matrix proteins 
C) secreted proteins 
D) mitochondrial proteins 
E) plasma membrane proteins 
A) endoplasmic reticulum proteins 
B) extracellular matrix proteins 
C) secreted proteins 
D) mitochondrial proteins 
E) plasma membrane proteins

Question 2

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

A) the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) the Golgi apparatus 
C) the lysosome 
D) mitochondria 
E) membrane-bound ribosomes 
A) the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) the Golgi apparatus 
C) the lysosome 
D) mitochondria 
E) membrane-bound ribosomes

Question 3

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP. What is the advantage of using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescently labelled probes that bind to the target protein?

Accepted Answer

A) GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires preserved cells. 
B) GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes. 
C) GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes. 
D) GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not. 
E) GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts. 
A) GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires preserved cells. 
B) GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes. 
C) GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes. 
D) GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not. 
E) GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts.

Question 4

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Accepted Answer

A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. 
B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
D) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior)of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function. 
A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. 
B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
D) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior)of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

Question 5

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

Accepted Answer

A) limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases 
B) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C) evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes 
D) the need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs 
E) rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion 
A) limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases 
B) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C) evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes 
D) the need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs 
E) rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion

Question 6

The minimum distance two points can be separated and still discerned as separate is the

Accepted Answer

A) resolution. 
B) magnification. 
C) visibility. 
D) objective magnification. 
E) contrast. 
A) resolution. 
B) magnification. 
C) visibility. 
D) objective magnification. 
E) contrast.

Question 7

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome 
A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome

Question 8

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What is the name of the structure labelled B?

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall 
B) plasma membrane 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) cytosol 
E) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) cell wall 
B) plasma membrane 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) cytosol 
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 µm. What does the organism's size tell you about how it might be classified?

Accepted Answer

A) It must be a single-celled protist. 
B) It must be a single-celled fungus. 
C) It could be almost any typical bacterium. 
D) It could be a typical virus. 
E) It could be a very small bacterium. 
A) It must be a single-celled protist. 
B) It must be a single-celled fungus. 
C) It could be almost any typical bacterium. 
D) It could be a typical virus. 
E) It could be a very small bacterium.

Question 10

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using

Accepted Answer

A) a phase-contrast light microscope. 
B) a scanning electron microscope. 
C) a transmission electronic microscope. 
D) a confocal fluorescence microscope. 
E) a super-resolution fluorescence microscope. 
A) a phase-contrast light microscope. 
B) a scanning electron microscope. 
C) a transmission electronic microscope. 
D) a confocal fluorescence microscope. 
E) a super-resolution fluorescence microscope.

Question 11

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The structure labelled D functions in

Accepted Answer

A) lipid synthesis. 
B) membrane production. 
C) cytosolic protein production. 
D) modification of proteins for transport. 
E) package of proteins. 
A) lipid synthesis. 
B) membrane production. 
C) cytosolic protein production. 
D) modification of proteins for transport. 
E) package of proteins.

Question 12

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B) Golgi →ER →lysosome 
C) nucleus →ER →Golgi 
D) ER →Golgi →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
E) ER →lysosomes →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
A) ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B) Golgi →ER →lysosome 
C) nucleus →ER →Golgi 
D) ER →Golgi →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
E) ER →lysosomes →vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Question 13

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B) the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D) the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E) the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system. 
A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B) the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D) the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E) the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

Question 14

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A) The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B) The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
D) The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E) The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source. 
A) The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B) The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
D) The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E) The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.

Question 15

Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) nuclei 
D) plastids 
E) none of these 
A) ribosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) nuclei 
D) plastids 
E) none of these

Question 16

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a static structure. 
B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. 
C) It has too many vesicles. 
D) It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
E) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope. 
A) It is a static structure. 
B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. 
C) It has too many vesicles. 
D) It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
E) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.

Question 17

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) peroxisomes. 
D) lysosomes. 
E) endoplasmic reticulum. 
A) mitochondria. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) peroxisomes. 
D) lysosomes. 
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 18

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) light microscopy 
B) scanning electron microscopy 
C) transmission electron microscopy 
D) confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E) super-resolution fluorescence microscopy 
A) light microscopy 
B) scanning electron microscopy 
C) transmission electron microscopy 
D) confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E) super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Question 19

Which cell would be best for studying lyosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle cell 
B) nerve cell 
C) phagocytic white blood cell 
D) leaf cell of a plant 
E) bacterial cell 
A) muscle cell 
B) nerve cell 
C) phagocytic white blood cell 
D) leaf cell of a plant 
E) bacterial cell

Question 20

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrion 
B) ribosome 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) chloroplast 
E) ER 
A) mitochondrion 
B) ribosome 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) chloroplast 
E) ER

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

What types of proteins are not synthesized in the rough ER?

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

The minimum distance two points can be separated and still discerned as separate is the

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -What is the name of the structure labelled B?

A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 µm. What does the organism's size tell you about how it might be classified?

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The structure labelled D functions in

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Which cell would be best for studying lyosomes?

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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