Question 1

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

Accepted Answer

A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. 
B) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. 
C) the nuclear envelope is physically separated from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope. 
E) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins. 
A) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. 
B) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. 
C) the nuclear envelope is physically separated from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope. 
E) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins.

Question 2

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A) the loss of all nuclear function 
B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C) a change in the shape of the nucleus 
D) failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information 
E) inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals 
A) the loss of all nuclear function 
B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C) a change in the shape of the nucleus 
D) failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information 
E) inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals

Question 3

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Accepted Answer

A) plasmodesmata. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) gap junctions. 
A) plasmodesmata. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) gap junctions.

Question 4

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is

Accepted Answer

A) the relative solubility of the component. 
B) the size and weight of the component. 
C) the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. 
D) the presence or absence of nucleic acids in the component. 
E) the presence or absence of lipids in the component. 
A) the relative solubility of the component. 
B) the size and weight of the component. 
C) the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. 
D) the presence or absence of nucleic acids in the component. 
E) the presence or absence of lipids in the component.

Question 5

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Accepted Answer

A) view the structure of cell membranes. 
B) sort cells based on their size and weight. 
C) determine the size of various organelles. 
D) separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. 
E) separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules. 
A) view the structure of cell membranes. 
B) sort cells based on their size and weight. 
C) determine the size of various organelles. 
D) separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined. 
E) separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules.

Question 6

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which two structures are shared by all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) A and C 
B) A and D 
C) B and D 
D) B and E 
E) C and E 
A) A and C 
B) A and D 
C) B and D 
D) B and E 
E) C and E

Question 7

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome 
A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome

Question 8

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix. 
B) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix. 
C) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. 
D) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix. 
E) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles. 
A) nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix. 
B) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix. 
C) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. 
D) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix. 
E) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles.

Question 9

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Accepted Answer

A) centrosomes 
B) laminin 
C) actin 
D) intermediate filaments 
E) secretory vesicles 
A) centrosomes 
B) laminin 
C) actin 
D) intermediate filaments 
E) secretory vesicles

Question 10

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) rough ER 
B) lysosomes 
C) plasmodesmata 
D) Golgi vesicles 
E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes 
A) rough ER 
B) lysosomes 
C) plasmodesmata 
D) Golgi vesicles 
E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 11

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome 
A) lysosome 
B) vacuole 
C) mitochondrion 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) peroxisome

Question 12

ECM proteins are made by ribosomes in which part of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) cytoplasm 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) rough ER 
A) mitochondria 
B) cytoplasm 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) Golgi apparatus 
E) rough ER

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What is the function of the structure labelled E?

Accepted Answer

A) respiration 
B) photosynthesis 
C) maintain cell pressure 
D) contain DNA 
E) synthesize lipids 
A) respiration 
B) photosynthesis 
C) maintain cell pressure 
D) contain DNA 
E) synthesize lipids

Question 14

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

Accepted Answer

A) producing primarily proteins for secretion. 
B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. 
C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. 
D) digesting large food particles. 
E) enlarging its vacuole. 
A) producing primarily proteins for secretion. 
B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. 
C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. 
D) digesting large food particles. 
E) enlarging its vacuole.

Question 15

Recent evidence shows that when chromosomes decondense during interphase, their DNA molecules do not intermingle. Instead, they occupy distinct territories within the nucleus. Considering the structure and location of the following structures, which is most likely to be involved in chromosome location?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear pores 
B) the nucleolus 
C) microfilaments 
D) the nuclear lamina and matrix 
E) the nuclear envelope 
A) nuclear pores 
B) the nucleolus 
C) microfilaments 
D) the nuclear lamina and matrix 
E) the nuclear envelope

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope. The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism. They have a clear area in the middle, a defined shape, and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges.
-The movement inside the cells that you observed are a result of

Accepted Answer

A) cilia movement. 
B) the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. 
C) the extracellular matrix. 
D) cell division. 
E) intermediate filaments. 
A) cilia movement. 
B) the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. 
C) the extracellular matrix. 
D) cell division. 
E) intermediate filaments.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates. 
B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. 
E) Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton. 
A) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates. 
B) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. 
E) Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton.

Question 18

Which of the trees in this figure groups the domains according to similarities in cellular size and architecture?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 19

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

Accepted Answer

A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. 
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. 
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. 
D) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 
E) plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients. 
A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. 
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. 
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. 
D) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 
E) plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients.

Question 20

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution)research-grade light microscope is

Accepted Answer

A) a mitochondrion. 
B) a microtubule. 
C) a ribosome. 
D) a microfilament. 
E) a nuclear pore. 
A) a mitochondrion. 
B) a microtubule. 
C) a ribosome. 
D) a microfilament. 
E) a nuclear pore.

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely consequence?

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which two structures are shared by all eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

ECM proteins are made by ribosomes in which part of a eukaryotic cell?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -What is the function of the structure labelled E?

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Which of the trees in this figure groups the domains according to similarities in cellular size and architecture?

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution)research-grade light microscope is

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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