Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?

Recent evidence shows that signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM)can regulate the expression of genes in the cell nucleus. A likely mechanism is that

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope. The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism. They have a clear area in the middle, a defined shape, and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges. -You look at another group of cells; it looks entirely different. They appear independent of each other and are constantly changing shape and "crawling" across the slide. There are large and small structures moving around inside the cells. You identify these cells as

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level, as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best?super-resolution light microscope?

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

-The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements outlined in the table above would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles. Which of the following is a correct match? (All three elements are involved in the maintenance of cell shape.)

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Use the following information to answer the questions below. You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope. The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism. They have a clear area in the middle, a defined shape, and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges. -The clear area in the middle is most likely the

One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system?

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?