Question 1

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below, which is hydrophobic and can make cross-bridges?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl

Question 2

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which functional group(s)shown above is (are)present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) B and D 
C) C only 
D) D only 
E) C and D 
A) A and B 
B) B and D 
C) C only 
D) D only 
E) C and D

Question 4

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A) the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B) the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C) the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D) the presence or absence of bonds with nitrogen atoms 
E) the solvent that the organic molecule is dissolved in 
A) the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B) the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C) the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D) the presence or absence of bonds with nitrogen atoms 
E) the solvent that the organic molecule is dissolved in

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule(s)shown above is (are)ionized in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B and D 
C) D and E 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B and D 
C) D and E 
D) D 
E) E

Question 6

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the structures illustrated above cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 7

Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing

Accepted Answer

A) water. 
B) carbon. 
C) hydrogen. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) oxygen. 
A) water. 
B) carbon. 
C) hydrogen. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) oxygen.

Question 8

Which functional groups can act as acids?

Accepted Answer

A) amino and sulfhydryl 
B) carbonyl and carboxyl 
C) carboxyl and phosphate 
D) hydroxyl and aldehyde 
E) ketone and amino 
A) amino and sulfhydryl 
B) carbonyl and carboxyl 
C) carboxyl and phosphate 
D) hydroxyl and aldehyde 
E) ketone and amino

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-You test for hydrophobicity and observe that one molecule type is extremely hydrophobic. Which of the following is the best possible conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) It has no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) It contains at least one carboxyl group. 
C) It contains an amino group. 
D) It has at least one hydroxyl group. 
E) It contains phosphates. 
A) It has no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) It contains at least one carboxyl group. 
C) It contains an amino group. 
D) It has at least one hydroxyl group. 
E) It contains phosphates.

Question 10

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Accepted Answer

A) structural isomers 
B) cis-trans isomers 
C) enantiomers 
D) isotopes 
A) structural isomers 
B) cis-trans isomers 
C) enantiomers 
D) isotopes

Question 11

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C) They are hydrophilic. 
D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
E) They are lighter than water. 
A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C) They are hydrophilic. 
D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
E) They are lighter than water.

Question 12

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above can function as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above can form a dimer linked by a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

The idea that certain molecules could only be formed by living organisms was known as

Accepted Answer

A) vitalism. 
B) mechanism. 
C) inorganic chemistry. 
D) religion. 
E) isomerism. 
A) vitalism. 
B) mechanism. 
C) inorganic chemistry. 
D) religion. 
E) isomerism.

Question 17

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s)do these molecules differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

A) Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B) Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C) Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D) Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings. 
E) Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule. 
A) Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B) Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C) Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D) Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings. 
E) Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.

Question 18

-What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) carbonyl 
B) ketone 
C) aldehyde 
D) carboxyl 
E) hydroxyl 
A) carbonyl 
B) ketone 
C) aldehyde 
D) carboxyl 
E) hydroxyl

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below, which is hydrophobic and can make cross-bridges?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which functional group(s)shown above is (are)present in all amino acids?

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule(s)shown above is (are)ionized in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the structures illustrated above cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules?

Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing

Which functional groups can act as acids?

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above can function as a base?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above can form a dimer linked by a covalent bond?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above contains an amino functional group, but is not an amino acid?

The idea that certain molecules could only be formed by living organisms was known as

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s)do these molecules differ from each other?

-What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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