Question 1

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) ketone and methyl 
B) carbonyl and amino 
C) carboxyl and amino 
D) amino and sulfhydryl 
E) hydroxyl and carboxyl 
A) ketone and methyl 
B) carbonyl and amino 
C) carboxyl and amino 
D) amino and sulfhydryl 
E) hydroxyl and carboxyl

Question 2

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except

Accepted Answer

A) by branching of the carbon skeleton. 
B) by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
C) by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
D) by forming a ring. 
E) by forming enantiomers. 
A) by branching of the carbon skeleton. 
B) by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
C) by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
D) by forming a ring. 
E) by forming enantiomers.

Question 3

Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements, was a significant milestone for what reason?

Accepted Answer

A) It solved an industrial shortage of acetic acid. 
B) It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds. 
C) It disproved the concept of vitalism. 
D) It showed that life originated from simple inorganic chemicals. 
E) It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism. 
A) It solved an industrial shortage of acetic acid. 
B) It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds. 
C) It disproved the concept of vitalism. 
D) It showed that life originated from simple inorganic chemicals. 
E) It proved that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic compounds and disproved the concept of vitalism.

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino

Question 5

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 6

Hydrocarbons are ________ because most of their bonds are ________ carbon-hydrogen links.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophilic; polar 
B) hydrophilic; charged 
C) hydrophobic; polar 
D) hydrophobic; non-polar 
E) inorganic; not 
A) hydrophilic; polar 
B) hydrophilic; charged 
C) hydrophobic; polar 
D) hydrophobic; non-polar 
E) inorganic; not

Question 7

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below, which acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?

Accepted Answer

A) Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by the bird. 
B) The carbon atoms ultimately came from the soil. 
C) The carbon atoms are ultimately derived from coal. 
D) The carbon atoms ultimately came from carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis. 
E) The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. 
A) Inorganic carbon atoms in the seeds were incorporated into organic molecules by the bird. 
B) The carbon atoms ultimately came from the soil. 
C) The carbon atoms are ultimately derived from coal. 
D) The carbon atoms ultimately came from carbon dioxide incorporated into sugars through photosynthesis. 
E) The carbon atoms ultimately came from simple organic compounds that formed abiotically from inorganic carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.

Question 9

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the structures illustrated above is an impossible covalently bonded molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 10

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 11

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups above is a carboxyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-In which of the structures illustrated above are the atoms bonded by ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) C, D, and E only 
E) none of the structures 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) C, D, and E only 
E) none of the structures

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Accepted Answer

A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 15

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 16

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups above is a basic functional group that can accept H⁺ and become positively charged?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 17

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 8 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 8

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
  
-Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 20

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except

Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements, was a significant milestone for what reason?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups. -Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

Hydrocarbons are ________ because most of their bonds are ________ carbon-hydrogen links.

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below, which acts as a base?

Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the structures illustrated above is an impossible covalently bonded molecule?

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups above is a carboxyl functional group?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -In which of the structures illustrated above are the atoms bonded by ionic bonds?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups above is a basic functional group that can accept H⁺ and become positively charged?

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Answer the following questions based on the figure below. -Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Hydrocarbons are because most of their bonds are carbon-hydrogen links.