Question 1

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Accepted Answer

A) optical isomers. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) cis-trans isomers. 
E) chain length isomers. 
A) optical isomers. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) cis-trans isomers. 
E) chain length isomers.

Question 2

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water, it

Accepted Answer

A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. 
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group. 
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base. 
D) would function as both an acid and a base. 
E) is impossible to determine how it would function. 
A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. 
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group. 
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base. 
D) would function as both an acid and a base. 
E) is impossible to determine how it would function.

Question 3

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapour, what compounds were produced?

Accepted Answer

A) mostly amino acids 
B) only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide 
C) mostly hydrocarbons 
D) only simple inorganic compounds 
E) both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons 
A) mostly amino acids 
B) only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide 
C) mostly hydrocarbons 
D) only simple inorganic compounds 
E) both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons

Question 4

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Accepted Answer

A) enantiomers. 
B) radioactive isotopes. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) nonisotopic isomers. 
E) cis-trans isomers. 
A) enantiomers. 
B) radioactive isotopes. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) nonisotopic isomers. 
E) cis-trans isomers.

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-The second molecule is hydrophobic and has acidic properties. It most likely has

Accepted Answer

A) no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) at least one carboxyl group. 
C) at least one amino group. 
D) at least one carbonyl group. 
E) phosphates. 
A) no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) at least one carboxyl group. 
C) at least one amino group. 
D) at least one carbonyl group. 
E) phosphates.

Question 6

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 11 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 11

Question 7

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Accepted Answer

A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. 
A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.

Question 8

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C) They have the same chemical properties. 
D) They have different molecular formulas. 
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences. 
A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C) They have the same chemical properties. 
D) They have different molecular formulas. 
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.

Question 9

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers, that is, molecules that

Accepted Answer

A) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) exist in either linear chain or ring forms. 
D) differ in the location of their double bonds. 
E) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds. 
A) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) exist in either linear chain or ring forms. 
D) differ in the location of their double bonds. 
E) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds.

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the structures illustrated above contain(s)a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C and D 
C) C 
D) D 
E) C and E 
A) A 
B) C and D 
C) C 
D) D 
E) C and E

Question 11

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Accepted Answer

A) It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. 
B) It should dissolve in water. 
C) It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D) It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E) It is hydrophobic. 
A) It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. 
B) It should dissolve in water. 
C) It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D) It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E) It is hydrophobic.

Question 12

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) B and C 
C) B, C, and D 
D) D and E 
E) E and A 
A) A and B 
B) B and C 
C) B, C, and D 
D) D and E 
E) E and A

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecules shown above will form hydrogen bonds with water?

Accepted Answer

A) Only D will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
B) All of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
C) None of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
D) All of these molecules except B will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E) Only C, D, and E will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
A) Only D will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
B) All of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
C) None of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
D) All of these molecules except B will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E) Only C, D, and E will form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 14

L-dopa and D-dopa, shown below, are an example of a pharmaceutical drug that occurs as enantiomers, or molecules that

Accepted Answer

A) have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) are structural isomers. 
D) are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity. 
E) are cis-trans isomers. 
A) have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) are structural isomers. 
D) are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity. 
E) are cis-trans isomers.

Question 15

Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
  
-Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B) the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C) the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D) the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen 
E) the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl 
A) the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B) the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C) the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D) the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen 
E) the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl

Question 16

The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are

Accepted Answer

A) geometric isotopes. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) cis-trans isomers. 
D) structural isomers. 
E) nonisotopic isomers. 
A) geometric isotopes. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) cis-trans isomers. 
D) structural isomers. 
E) nonisotopic isomers.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Accepted Answer

A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate 
A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate

Question 19

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate

Question 20

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water, it

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapour, what compounds were produced?

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀?

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers, that is, molecules that

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the structures illustrated above contain(s)a carbonyl functional group?

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecules shown above will form hydrogen bonds with water?

L-dopa and D-dopa, shown below, are an example of a pharmaceutical drug that occurs as enantiomers, or molecules that

Answer the following questions based on the figure below. -Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which functional group shown above is characteristic of alcohols?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters