Question 1

Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Bone albumin 
A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Bone albumin

Question 2

How is a-glycoprotein different from albumin?

Accepted Answer

A) a-Glycoprotein inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation longer than albumin. 
B) a-Glycoprotein has an affinity for calcium that is 40 times that of albumin. 
C) a-Glycoprotein is able to maintain osmotic pressure 10 times greater than albumin. 
D) a-Glycoprotein is able to transport essential elements, such as hormones and ions, faster than albumin. 
A) a-Glycoprotein inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation longer than albumin. 
B) a-Glycoprotein has an affinity for calcium that is 40 times that of albumin. 
C) a-Glycoprotein is able to maintain osmotic pressure 10 times greater than albumin. 
D) a-Glycoprotein is able to transport essential elements, such as hormones and ions, faster than albumin.

Question 3

A neuroregulin is a:

Accepted Answer

A) chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spinal card to the axon of motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers. 
B) neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension, velocity, and tone in muscles. 
C) proteoglycan secreted by neurons that increases acetylcholine receptors. 
D) mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle stretching. 
A) chemical mediator that initiates signals from the anterior horn cell of the spinal card to the axon of motor nerve branches of groups of muscle fibers. 
B) neurotransmitter that provides a means of reporting changes in length, tension, velocity, and tone in muscles. 
C) proteoglycan secreted by neurons that increases acetylcholine receptors. 
D) mechanoreceptor that lies parallel to muscle fibers and responds to muscle stretching.

Question 4

In adults, hematopoiesis takes place exclusively in the long bones of the extremities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The basic structural unit in compact bone is:

Accepted Answer

A) small channels called canaliculi. 
B) osteocytes within the lacunae. 
C) tiny spaces within the lacunae. 
D) the haversian system. 
A) small channels called canaliculi. 
B) osteocytes within the lacunae. 
C) tiny spaces within the lacunae. 
D) the haversian system.

Question 6

Articular cartilage has no blood vessels, lymph vessels, or nerves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The joint capsule is avascular.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor kB-ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) determine overall osteoclast formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The greater the innervation ratio of a particular organ, the greater its:

Accepted Answer

A) fatigue. 
B) movement. 
C) strength. 
D) endurance. 
A) fatigue. 
B) movement. 
C) strength. 
D) endurance.

Question 10

The movement of synovial fluid through cartilage is controlled by the pumping movement of:

Accepted Answer

A) cartiloregulins. 
B) hyaluronate. 
C) proteoglycans. 
D) chondroitin. 
A) cartiloregulins. 
B) hyaluronate. 
C) proteoglycans. 
D) chondroitin.

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes a muscle contraction's four-step process?

Accepted Answer

A) Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation 
B) Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling 
C) Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction 
D) Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation 
A) Coupling, contraction, relaxation, excitation 
B) Contraction, relaxation, excitation, coupling 
C) Relaxation, excitation, coupling, contraction 
D) Excitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation

Question 12

In _____ contractions, the muscle maintains a constant tension as it moves.

Accepted Answer

A) isotonic 
B) isometric 
C) hypertonic 
D) hypotonic 
A) isotonic 
B) isometric 
C) hypertonic 
D) hypotonic

Question 13

Match the stages of wound healing of a bone with the description of each. Stages may be used more than once.
-Fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts move into the wound to produce granulation tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) Callus replacement 
B) Hematoma formation 
C) Remodeling 
D) Procallus formation 
E) Callus formation 
A) Callus replacement 
B) Hematoma formation 
C) Remodeling 
D) Procallus formation 
E) Callus formation

Question 14

Which glucoprotein inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation and plays a part in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Osteopontin 
A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Osteopontin

Question 15

Which statement is false about aging and the musculoskeletal system?

Accepted Answer

A) Haversian systems erode, canals nearest the marrow cavity become widened, and the endosteal cortex converts to spongy bone. 
B) The remodeling cycle increases because of a decreased ability of the basic multicellular units to resorb and deposit bone. 
C) Cartilaginous rigidity increases because of decreasing water content and increasing concentrations of glycosaminoglycans. 
D) Muscle RNA synthesis declines, although the regenerative function of muscle tissue is reportedly normal in older adults. 
A) Haversian systems erode, canals nearest the marrow cavity become widened, and the endosteal cortex converts to spongy bone. 
B) The remodeling cycle increases because of a decreased ability of the basic multicellular units to resorb and deposit bone. 
C) Cartilaginous rigidity increases because of decreasing water content and increasing concentrations of glycosaminoglycans. 
D) Muscle RNA synthesis declines, although the regenerative function of muscle tissue is reportedly normal in older adults.

Question 16

Which bone cell secretes citric and lactic acids to help dissolve bone minerals and collagenase, thus aiding in the digestion of collagen?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocytes 
B) Osteoblasts 
C) Osteoclasts 
D) Osteophytes 
A) Osteocytes 
B) Osteoblasts 
C) Osteoclasts 
D) Osteophytes

Question 17

A procallus is involved in repair of bones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In bone, the stage of healing that involves procallus formation entails:

Accepted Answer

A) formation of a hematoma that allows development of a fibrin network. 
B) production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts. 
C) development of a primitive bone matrix termed woven bone. 
D) remodeling of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces. 
A) formation of a hematoma that allows development of a fibrin network. 
B) production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts. 
C) development of a primitive bone matrix termed woven bone. 
D) remodeling of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces.

Question 19

Articular cartilage is anchored to the underlying bone via:

Accepted Answer

A) Sharpey fibers. 
B) collagen. 
C) glycoproteins. 
D) elastin fibers. 
A) Sharpey fibers. 
B) collagen. 
C) glycoproteins. 
D) elastin fibers.

Question 20

Which of the following minerals are stored in bones?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium, iron, and selenium 
B) Phosphate, carbonate, and magnesium 
C) Potassium, fluoride, and copper 
D) Zinc, sulfur, and chloride 
A) Sodium, iron, and selenium 
B) Phosphate, carbonate, and magnesium 
C) Potassium, fluoride, and copper 
D) Zinc, sulfur, and chloride

Exam 41: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?

How is a-glycoprotein different from albumin?

A neuroregulin is a:

In adults, hematopoiesis takes place exclusively in the long bones of the extremities.

The basic structural unit in compact bone is:

Articular cartilage has no blood vessels, lymph vessels, or nerves.

The joint capsule is avascular.

The balance between receptor activator of nuclear factor kB-ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) determine overall osteoclast formation.

The greater the innervation ratio of a particular organ, the greater its:

The movement of synovial fluid through cartilage is controlled by the pumping movement of:

Which of the following correctly describes a muscle contraction's four-step process?

In _____ contractions, the muscle maintains a constant tension as it moves.

Match the stages of wound healing of a bone with the description of each. Stages may be used more than once. -Fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts move into the wound to produce granulation tissue.

Which glucoprotein inhibits calcium phosphate precipitation and plays a part in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts?

Which statement is false about aging and the musculoskeletal system?

Which bone cell secretes citric and lactic acids to help dissolve bone minerals and collagenase, thus aiding in the digestion of collagen?

A procallus is involved in repair of bones.

In bone, the stage of healing that involves procallus formation entails:

Articular cartilage is anchored to the underlying bone via:

Which of the following minerals are stored in bones?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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