Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a difference between heart and skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) Heart muscle is completely aerobic. 
B) Heart muscle prefers fatty acids as fuel. 
C) Heart muscle has more phosphocreatine than skeletal muscle. 
D) Heart muscle has limited quantities of glycogen. 
A) Heart muscle is completely aerobic. 
B) Heart muscle prefers fatty acids as fuel. 
C) Heart muscle has more phosphocreatine than skeletal muscle. 
D) Heart muscle has limited quantities of glycogen.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of brain tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) Brain tissue is 20% or so of body mass. 
B) Twenty percent of oxygen is consumed by the brain. 
C) Oxygen consumption is independent of mental activity. 
D) Brain tissue has no significant fuel reserves. 
A) Brain tissue is 20% or so of body mass. 
B) Twenty percent of oxygen is consumed by the brain. 
C) Oxygen consumption is independent of mental activity. 
D) Brain tissue has no significant fuel reserves.

Question 3

Which of the following metabolic pathways is strictly anabolic?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) citric acid cycle 
D) pentose phosphate cycle 
A) glycolysis 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) citric acid cycle 
D) pentose phosphate cycle

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of resveratrol?

Accepted Answer

A) produced in plants,particularly in grape skins,in response to stress 
B) activates SIRT1 NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase activity 
C) inhibits AMPK in the brain 
D) has many of the same effects as caloric restriction 
A) produced in plants,particularly in grape skins,in response to stress 
B) activates SIRT1 NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase activity 
C) inhibits AMPK in the brain 
D) has many of the same effects as caloric restriction

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethanol metabolism in liver?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased pH levels due to lactic acidosis 
B) 2 oxidation steps to convert ethanol to acetate;both reactions produce NADH 
C) increased acetaldehyde-protein adducts impairing protein function 
D) decreased NADH/NAD⁺ ratio in the cell 
A) decreased pH levels due to lactic acidosis 
B) 2 oxidation steps to convert ethanol to acetate;both reactions produce NADH 
C) increased acetaldehyde-protein adducts impairing protein function 
D) decreased NADH/NAD⁺ ratio in the cell

Question 6

An energy charge (E.C.)of 0.9 is roughly 80% ATP,17% ADP,and 3% AMP.At this E.C.,which enzyme activities are low and which enzyme activities higher,respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) R;U 
B) R;S 
C) U;R 
D) U;S 
A) R;U 
B) R;S 
C) U;R 
D) U;S

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT paired with their preferred substrate?

Accepted Answer

A) brain: glucose 
B) heart: fatty acids 
C) resting skeletal muscle: glucose 
D) adipose tissue: fatty acids 
A) brain: glucose 
B) heart: fatty acids 
C) resting skeletal muscle: glucose 
D) adipose tissue: fatty acids

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leptin?

Accepted Answer

A) It binds to hypothalamus,inhibits release of neuropeptide-Y,and is thus an anorexic agent. 
B) It is a signal molecule that limits food intake and increases energy expenditure. 
C) It communicates the status of triacylglycerol levels in the adipocytes to the central nervous system. 
D) At low levels,appetite is suppressed;at high levels,appetite is increased. 
A) It binds to hypothalamus,inhibits release of neuropeptide-Y,and is thus an anorexic agent. 
B) It is a signal molecule that limits food intake and increases energy expenditure. 
C) It communicates the status of triacylglycerol levels in the adipocytes to the central nervous system. 
D) At low levels,appetite is suppressed;at high levels,appetite is increased.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a purpose for the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) production of insulin to regulate metabolism 
B) conversion of amino acids into metabolic fuel 
C) production of ketone bodies 
D) detoxification of poisons and drugs 
A) production of insulin to regulate metabolism 
B) conversion of amino acids into metabolic fuel 
C) production of ketone bodies 
D) detoxification of poisons and drugs

Question 10

The brain prefers to use glucose as fuel.What does it use as it adapts to prolonged fasting or starvation?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) β-hydroxybutyrate 
C) fatty acids 
D) amino acids 
A) glucose 
B) β-hydroxybutyrate 
C) fatty acids 
D) amino acids

Question 11

Which nucleotides are the principal energy source for protein,phospholipid,and polysaccharide synthesis,respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) UTP;GTP;CTP 
B) GTP;CTP;UTP 
C) CTP;UTP;GTP 
D) UTP;CTP;GTP 
A) UTP;GTP;CTP 
B) GTP;CTP;UTP 
C) CTP;UTP;GTP 
D) UTP;CTP;GTP

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a fuel for contracting muscles during strictly anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) palmitic acid 
B) creatine phosphate 
C) glycogen 
D) glucose 
A) palmitic acid 
B) creatine phosphate 
C) glycogen 
D) glucose

Question 13

What process is coupled to metabolism reactions and determines overall thermodynamic efficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH oxidation 
B) CO₂ release 
C) ATP hydrolysis and synthesis 
D) reduction of O₂ 
A) NADH oxidation 
B) CO₂ release 
C) ATP hydrolysis and synthesis 
D) reduction of O₂

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of energy metabolism in the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) The preferred fuel is fatty acids. 
B) The range of activity is much less than that in muscle (200-fold). 
C) It is unusually rich in mitochondria. 
D) The heart consumes over 90% of the total oxygen supply during maximal physical exertion. 
A) The preferred fuel is fatty acids. 
B) The range of activity is much less than that in muscle (200-fold). 
C) It is unusually rich in mitochondria. 
D) The heart consumes over 90% of the total oxygen supply during maximal physical exertion.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a use of glucose-6-phosphate in liver?

Accepted Answer

A) catabolism to acetyl-CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis 
B) generation of NADH and hexoses 
C) release as glucose to blood stream 
D) conversion to glycogen 
A) catabolism to acetyl-CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis 
B) generation of NADH and hexoses 
C) release as glucose to blood stream 
D) conversion to glycogen

Exam 33: Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Which of the following is NOT a difference between heart and skeletal muscle?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of brain tissue?

Which of the following metabolic pathways is strictly anabolic?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of resveratrol?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethanol metabolism in liver?

An energy charge (E.C.)of 0.9 is roughly 80% ATP,17% ADP,and 3% AMP.At this E.C.,which enzyme activities are low and which enzyme activities higher,respectively?

Which of the following is NOT paired with their preferred substrate?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leptin?

Which of the following is NOT a purpose for the liver?

The brain prefers to use glucose as fuel.What does it use as it adapts to prolonged fasting or starvation?

Which nucleotides are the principal energy source for protein,phospholipid,and polysaccharide synthesis,respectively?

Which of the following is NOT a fuel for contracting muscles during strictly anaerobic metabolism?

What process is coupled to metabolism reactions and determines overall thermodynamic efficiency?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of energy metabolism in the heart?

Which of the following is NOT a use of glucose-6-phosphate in liver?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

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