Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of COX-2 inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

A) can non-selectively block inflammation mediated by both isoforms of COX 
B) are NSAIDs 
C) have less potential for stomach lesions than aspirin 
D) have less renal toxicity than COX-1 inhibitors 
A) can non-selectively block inflammation mediated by both isoforms of COX 
B) are NSAIDs 
C) have less potential for stomach lesions than aspirin 
D) have less renal toxicity than COX-1 inhibitors

Question 2

Which component is NOT a part of plasmalogen biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) CDP-ethanolamine 
B) fatty acyl-CoA 
C) long-chain alcohol 
D) glycerol 
A) CDP-ethanolamine 
B) fatty acyl-CoA 
C) long-chain alcohol 
D) glycerol

Question 3

Which of these lipoproteins is NOT correctly defined?

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicron: transporter of dietary lipids to the liver 
B) HDL: scavenger of extrahepatic cholesterol 
C) LDL: transporter of cholesterol to extrahepatic tissue 
D) VLDL: transporter of triacylglycerols from the liver 
A) chylomicron: transporter of dietary lipids to the liver 
B) HDL: scavenger of extrahepatic cholesterol 
C) LDL: transporter of cholesterol to extrahepatic tissue 
D) VLDL: transporter of triacylglycerols from the liver

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of HDL?

Accepted Answer

A) High HDL correlates with high risk of cardiovascular disease. 
B) HDL has a life span of 5-6 days. 
C) Returns cholesterol and cholesterol esters to liver. 
D) Accumulates cholesterol esters via LCAT action. 
A) High HDL correlates with high risk of cardiovascular disease. 
B) HDL has a life span of 5-6 days. 
C) Returns cholesterol and cholesterol esters to liver. 
D) Accumulates cholesterol esters via LCAT action.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a feature of fatty acid synthase?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs in cytosol. 
B) All the enzymes are on separate polypeptides. 
C) It has acyl carrier protein-linked intermediates. 
D) It uses NADPH for oxidoreductase reactions. 
A) It occurs in cytosol. 
B) All the enzymes are on separate polypeptides. 
C) It has acyl carrier protein-linked intermediates. 
D) It uses NADPH for oxidoreductase reactions.

Question 6

Which receptors are absent or dysfunctional in the genetic disorder of familial hypercholesterolemia?

Accepted Answer

A) adrenergic receptors 
B) insulin receptors 
C) HDL receptors 
D) LDL receptors 
A) adrenergic receptors 
B) insulin receptors 
C) HDL receptors 
D) LDL receptors

Question 7

What type of linkage occurs between ACP and the intermediates in fatty acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) ester 
B) thioester 
C) amide 
D) ether 
A) ester 
B) thioester 
C) amide 
D) ether

Question 8

What is/are the main source(s)of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) TCA cycle 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway 
D) glycolysis 
A) TCA cycle 
B) oxidative phosphorylation 
C) malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway 
D) glycolysis

Question 9

Which lipoprotein has the highest density?

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons 
B) HDL 
C) LDL 
D) VLDL 
A) chylomicrons 
B) HDL 
C) LDL 
D) VLDL

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of progesterone?

Accepted Answer

A) It is produced from pregnenolone in ER. 
B) It is synthesized in the adrenal cortex activated by ACTH. 
C) It prepares the uterus for attachment of a fertilized ovum. 
D) It is secreted from corpus luteum early in the menstrual cycle. 
A) It is produced from pregnenolone in ER. 
B) It is synthesized in the adrenal cortex activated by ACTH. 
C) It prepares the uterus for attachment of a fertilized ovum. 
D) It is secreted from corpus luteum early in the menstrual cycle.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a feature of aspirin?

Accepted Answer

A) It inhibits the activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (COX). 
B) It stimulates ring opening in prostaglandin synthesis. 
C) It acetylates the serine in the active site of the cyclooxygenase (COX). 
D) It is classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAI
D) . 
A) It inhibits the activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (COX). 
B) It stimulates ring opening in prostaglandin synthesis. 
C) It acetylates the serine in the active site of the cyclooxygenase (COX). 
D) It is classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAI
D) .

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bile salts?

Accepted Answer

A) They are made by the liver and utilized in the intestine. 
B) They insert well into membranes because they are strictly non-polar. 
C) They are conjugates of bile acids with glycine and taurine. 
D) They are highly effective as detergents. 
A) They are made by the liver and utilized in the intestine. 
B) They insert well into membranes because they are strictly non-polar. 
C) They are conjugates of bile acids with glycine and taurine. 
D) They are highly effective as detergents.

Question 13

Which of these enzymes catalyzes the committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) HMG-CoA synthase 
B) mevalonate kinase 
C) HMG-CoA reductase 
D) squalene monooxygenase 
A) HMG-CoA synthase 
B) mevalonate kinase 
C) HMG-CoA reductase 
D) squalene monooxygenase

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mixed-function oxidases?

Accepted Answer

A) They usually involve cytochrome P-450. 
B) They often catalyze hydroxylation reactions on ring systems,such as sterols. 
C) They use both NADPH and O₂. 
D) One of their products is CO₂. 
A) They usually involve cytochrome P-450. 
B) They often catalyze hydroxylation reactions on ring systems,such as sterols. 
C) They use both NADPH and O₂. 
D) One of their products is CO₂.

Question 15

In which position is sphinganine acylated?

Accepted Answer

A) 1-OH 
B) 3-OH 
C) 2-NH₂ 
D) 3-NH₂ 
A) 1-OH 
B) 3-OH 
C) 2-NH₂ 
D) 3-NH₂

Question 16

Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction?
Citrate + ATP + CoA → acetyl-CoA + OAA + ADP + Pᵢ

Accepted Answer

A) malate dehydrogenase 
B) citrate synthase 
C) pyruvate carboxylase 
D) ATP-citrate lyase 
A) malate dehydrogenase 
B) citrate synthase 
C) pyruvate carboxylase 
D) ATP-citrate lyase

Question 17

What important mechanism can initiate arachidonate release and eicosanoid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin release 
B) glucagon release 
C) tissue injury 
D) platelet formation 
A) insulin release 
B) glucagon release 
C) tissue injury 
D) platelet formation

Question 18

Which compound is NOT synthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol precursors?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphatidylethanolamine 
B) phosphatidylglycerol 
C) cardiolipin 
D) phosphatidylinositol 
A) phosphatidylethanolamine 
B) phosphatidylglycerol 
C) cardiolipin 
D) phosphatidylinositol

Question 19

Which enzyme releases arachidonates from 20-carbon fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipase A1 
B) phospholipase A2 
C) phospholipase C 
D) phospholipase D 
A) phospholipase A1 
B) phospholipase A2 
C) phospholipase C 
D) phospholipase D

Question 20

Which mechanism does NOT regulate HMG-CoA reductase activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Low [cholesterol] increases mRNA for HMG-CoA reductase. 
B) High [cholesterol] increases half-life for HMG-CoA reductase. 
C) High [cholesterol] results in lower mRNA for HMG-CoA reductase. 
D) Phosphorylation by cAMP cascade inactivates HMG-CoA reductase. 
A) Low [cholesterol] increases mRNA for HMG-CoA reductase. 
B) High [cholesterol] increases half-life for HMG-CoA reductase. 
C) High [cholesterol] results in lower mRNA for HMG-CoA reductase. 
D) Phosphorylation by cAMP cascade inactivates HMG-CoA reductase.

Exam 9: Lipid Biosynthesis

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of COX-2 inhibitors?

Which component is NOT a part of plasmalogen biosynthesis?

Which of these lipoproteins is NOT correctly defined?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of HDL?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of fatty acid synthase?

Which receptors are absent or dysfunctional in the genetic disorder of familial hypercholesterolemia?

What type of linkage occurs between ACP and the intermediates in fatty acid biosynthesis?

What is/are the main source(s)of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis?

Which lipoprotein has the highest density?

Which of the following is NOT a property of progesterone?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of aspirin?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bile salts?

Which of these enzymes catalyzes the committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mixed-function oxidases?

In which position is sphinganine acylated?

Which enzyme catalyzes the following reaction? Citrate + ATP + CoA → acetyl-CoA + OAA + ADP + Pᵢ

What important mechanism can initiate arachidonate release and eicosanoid synthesis?

Which compound is NOT synthesized from CDP-diacylglycerol precursors?

Which enzyme releases arachidonates from 20-carbon fatty acids?

Which mechanism does NOT regulate HMG-CoA reductase activity?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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