Question 1

How do personality traits differ from personality states?

Accepted Answer

A) A trait is more temporary. 
B) A trait is more permanent. 
C) A trait is more pleasant. 
D) A trait is more unpleasant. 
A) A trait is more temporary. 
B) A trait is more permanent. 
C) A trait is more pleasant. 
D) A trait is more unpleasant.

Question 2

Alfred Adler emphasized which type of motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) The search for scientific understanding 
B) Adult sexuality 
C) Drive reduction 
D) Striving for superiority 
A) The search for scientific understanding 
B) Adult sexuality 
C) Drive reduction 
D) Striving for superiority

Question 3

What is meant by a "psychodynamic" theory? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Theory that emphasizes consciousness, values, and abstract beliefs 
B) ​Theory that seeks general principles of personality, based on studies of many people 
C) ​Theory that relates personality to conflicting forces within the individual 
D) ​Theory that relates personality to the behaviors advantageous throughout evolution 
A) Theory that emphasizes consciousness, values, and abstract beliefs 
B) ​Theory that seeks general principles of personality, based on studies of many people 
C) ​Theory that relates personality to conflicting forces within the individual 
D) ​Theory that relates personality to the behaviors advantageous throughout evolution

Question 4

In Freud's theory,what is the "ego"?

Accepted Answer

A) A set of biological drives that seek gratification 
B) The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught 
C) The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious 
D) The rational part of personality that makes decisions 
A) A set of biological drives that seek gratification 
B) The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught 
C) The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious 
D) The rational part of personality that makes decisions

Question 5

Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to emphasizing early sexual fantasies.What evidence did he have for these theories?

Accepted Answer

A) His patients told him about their early sexual abuse and sexual fantasies. 
B) He and his colleagues conducted surveys about early childhood experiences. 
C) He relied on the research published by experimental psychologists of his era. 
D) He made guesses about the meanings of patients' dreams and other reports. 
A) His patients told him about their early sexual abuse and sexual fantasies. 
B) He and his colleagues conducted surveys about early childhood experiences. 
C) He relied on the research published by experimental psychologists of his era. 
D) He made guesses about the meanings of patients' dreams and other reports.

Question 6

People with an extraverted personality have what advantage,on average?​

Accepted Answer

A) Higher intelligence 
B) ​Better health and longevity 
C) ​Greater happiness 
D) ​Increased resistance to temptation 
A) Higher intelligence 
B) ​Better health and longevity 
C) ​Greater happiness 
D) ​Increased resistance to temptation

Question 7

According to Alfred Adler,how could you achieve the highest level of mental health?

Accepted Answer

A) Bring all your repressed thoughts and motives into consciousness 
B) Meditate quietly to achieve inner peace 
C) Seek success for something greater than yourself 
D) Learn new habits to replace self-defeating habits 
A) Bring all your repressed thoughts and motives into consciousness 
B) Meditate quietly to achieve inner peace 
C) Seek success for something greater than yourself 
D) Learn new habits to replace self-defeating habits

Question 8

What does catharsis mean?​

Accepted Answer

A) Gaining access to the contents of the collective unconscious 
B) ​Defense mechanisms against anxiety 
C) ​Sexual symbolism that shows up in dreams and associations 
D) ​Release of pent-up emotional tension 
A) Gaining access to the contents of the collective unconscious 
B) ​Defense mechanisms against anxiety 
C) ​Sexual symbolism that shows up in dreams and associations 
D) ​Release of pent-up emotional tension

Question 9

​What type of test is the Thematic Apperception Test?

Accepted Answer

A) A standardized intelligence test 
B) A projective personality test 
C) An implicit test of attitudes 
D) A test of neurological activity 
A) A standardized intelligence test 
B) A projective personality test 
C) An implicit test of attitudes 
D) A test of neurological activity

Question 10

What do humanistic psychologists emphasize?​

Accepted Answer

A) Conscious experiences, values, and beliefs 
B) ​The effects of conflicting unconscious thoughts and motivations 
C) ​How human behavior evolved from that of other animal species 
D) ​Reinforcements of stimulus-response connections 
A) Conscious experiences, values, and beliefs 
B) ​The effects of conflicting unconscious thoughts and motivations 
C) ​How human behavior evolved from that of other animal species 
D) ​Reinforcements of stimulus-response connections

Question 11

​What is the current status of criminal profiling,according to available evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) Profilers are moderately accurate, but their mistakes can lead police astray. 
B) Profilers are no more accurate than random guessing. 
C) Profilers are no more accurate than an intelligent but uninformed person. 
D) Profilers are fairly accurate, but psychics are more accurate. 
A) Profilers are moderately accurate, but their mistakes can lead police astray. 
B) Profilers are no more accurate than random guessing. 
C) Profilers are no more accurate than an intelligent but uninformed person. 
D) Profilers are fairly accurate, but psychics are more accurate.

Question 12

What was Alfred Adler's contribution to our concept of mental health?

Accepted Answer

A) Mental health as balance among the forces of id, ego, and superego 
B) Mental health as the outcome of progression through stages of development 
C) Mental health as a positive state, not just the absence of mental illness 
D) Mental health as a function of genes, neurotransmitters, and other biology 
A) Mental health as balance among the forces of id, ego, and superego 
B) Mental health as the outcome of progression through stages of development 
C) Mental health as a positive state, not just the absence of mental illness 
D) Mental health as a function of genes, neurotransmitters, and other biology

Question 13

​According to Maslow,what is self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

A) Exploring possible lifestyles before deciding 
B) ​Achieving one's full potential 
C) ​Bringing unconscious materials into consciousness 
D) ​Learning to overcome temptations 
A) Exploring possible lifestyles before deciding 
B) ​Achieving one's full potential 
C) ​Bringing unconscious materials into consciousness 
D) ​Learning to overcome temptations

Question 14

Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to emphasizing early sexual fantasies.What evidence if any led him to change his theory?

Accepted Answer

A) He had no good evidence for either theory. 
B) He conducted surveys about the prevalence of sexual abuse and fantasies. 
C) He got the parents of his patients to report their recollections of the patients as children. 
D) He tabulated that more of his patients remembered early fantasies than early abuse. 
A) He had no good evidence for either theory. 
B) He conducted surveys about the prevalence of sexual abuse and fantasies. 
C) He got the parents of his patients to report their recollections of the patients as children. 
D) He tabulated that more of his patients remembered early fantasies than early abuse.

Question 15

What evidence did Freud use as the basis for his theories?

Accepted Answer

A) His guesses or inferences about his patients' childhood 
B) Memories his patients reported about their childhood 
C) Results of surveys and laboratory experiments 
D) Comparisons of the artworks and folktales of many cultures 
A) His guesses or inferences about his patients' childhood 
B) Memories his patients reported about their childhood 
C) Results of surveys and laboratory experiments 
D) Comparisons of the artworks and folktales of many cultures

Question 16

Early in his career,what did Freud emphasize as the cause of neurotic behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Unhealthy goals in life 
B) Childhood sexual abuse 
C) Failure to achieve self-actualization 
D) Poor diet and sleep habits 
A) Unhealthy goals in life 
B) Childhood sexual abuse 
C) Failure to achieve self-actualization 
D) Poor diet and sleep habits

Question 17

Why is the Rorschach inkblot test classified as "projective"?​

Accepted Answer

A) Its results give valid predictions of how someone's personality will change. 
B) ​It is still being developed as a research project. 
C) ​It lets people project their personality onto ambiguous stimuli. 
D) ​It asks people to think about their projects and prospects for the future. 
A) Its results give valid predictions of how someone's personality will change. 
B) ​It is still being developed as a research project. 
C) ​It lets people project their personality onto ambiguous stimuli. 
D) ​It asks people to think about their projects and prospects for the future.

Question 18

​What is unusual about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

Accepted Answer

A) It puts people into distinct categories. 
B) ​It measures unconscious as well as conscious aspects of personality. 
C) ​It not only measures personality but also suggests ways of improvement. 
D) ​It measures personality by means of brain activity. 
A) It puts people into distinct categories. 
B) ​It measures unconscious as well as conscious aspects of personality. 
C) ​It not only measures personality but also suggests ways of improvement. 
D) ​It measures personality by means of brain activity.

Question 19

Someone who notices possible symptoms of cancer reports anxieties about a leaky faucet.This is a possible example of which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Regression 
B) Projection 
C) Displacement 
D) Sublimation 
A) Regression 
B) Projection 
C) Displacement 
D) Sublimation

Question 20

​A dishonest person claims that most people are liars.This is a possible example of which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Repression 
B) ​Projection 
C) ​Regression 
D) ​Reaction formation 
A) Repression 
B) ​Projection 
C) ​Regression 
D) ​Reaction formation

Exam 14: Personalitypersonality

How do personality traits differ from personality states?

Alfred Adler emphasized which type of motivation?

What is meant by a "psychodynamic" theory? ​

In Freud's theory,what is the "ego"?

Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to emphasizing early sexual fantasies.What evidence did he have for these theories?

People with an extraverted personality have what advantage,on average?​

According to Alfred Adler,how could you achieve the highest level of mental health?

What does catharsis mean?​

​What type of test is the Thematic Apperception Test?

What do humanistic psychologists emphasize?​

​What is the current status of criminal profiling,according to available evidence?

What was Alfred Adler's contribution to our concept of mental health?

​According to Maslow,what is self-actualization?

Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to emphasizing early sexual fantasies.What evidence if any led him to change his theory?

What evidence did Freud use as the basis for his theories?

Early in his career,what did Freud emphasize as the cause of neurotic behavior?

Why is the Rorschach inkblot test classified as "projective"?​

​What is unusual about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

Someone who notices possible symptoms of cancer reports anxieties about a leaky faucet.This is a possible example of which defense mechanism?

​A dishonest person claims that most people are liars.This is a possible example of which defense mechanism?

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

What is meant by a "psychodynamic" theory?

People with an extraverted personality have what advantage,on average?

What does catharsis mean?

What type of test is the Thematic Apperception Test?

What do humanistic psychologists emphasize?

What is the current status of criminal profiling,according to available evidence?

According to Maslow,what is self-actualization?

Why is the Rorschach inkblot test classified as "projective"?

What is unusual about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

A dishonest person claims that most people are liars.This is a possible example of which defense mechanism?