Question 1

​In Freud's theory,the content that appears on the surface of a dream is known as what?

Accepted Answer

A) The latent content 
B) ​The psychoanalytic content 
C) ​The psychometric content 
D) ​The manifest content 
A) The latent content 
B) ​The psychoanalytic content 
C) ​The psychometric content 
D) ​The manifest content

Question 2

Which hormone has the greatest influence on sleepiness?​

Accepted Answer

A) Testosterone 
B) ​Adrenaline 
C) ​Insulin 
D) ​Melatonin 
A) Testosterone 
B) ​Adrenaline 
C) ​Insulin 
D) ​Melatonin

Question 3

How well do young and old people perform on memory tasks at different times of day?​

Accepted Answer

A) On average, both young and old do best in the morning. 
B) ​On average, young people do best in the evening, and old people do best in the morning. 
C) ​On average, young people do best in the morning, and old people do best in the evening. 
D) ​On average, both young and old do best in the evening. 
A) On average, both young and old do best in the morning. 
B) ​On average, young people do best in the evening, and old people do best in the morning. 
C) ​On average, young people do best in the morning, and old people do best in the evening. 
D) ​On average, both young and old do best in the evening.

Question 4

During sleep,when is brain activity highest and muscle activity least?

Accepted Answer

A) Brain activity and muscle activity are least during REM. 
B) Brain activity and muscle activity are least during Stage 4 sleep. 
C) Brain activity is greatest during REM and muscle activity is least during Stage 4 sleep. 
D) Brain activity is greatest during Stage 4 sleep and muscle activity is least during REM. 
A) Brain activity and muscle activity are least during REM. 
B) Brain activity and muscle activity are least during Stage 4 sleep. 
C) Brain activity is greatest during REM and muscle activity is least during Stage 4 sleep. 
D) Brain activity is greatest during Stage 4 sleep and muscle activity is least during REM.

Question 5

What was one method researchers used to present a word so that people would be conscious of it on some trials and not others?

Accepted Answer

A) They sometimes presented the word to people who were in a coma. 
B) They sometimes hypnotized people and told them not to see the word. 
C) They sometimes made the word too small and blurry to see. 
D) They sometimes presented a masking pattern after the word. 
A) They sometimes presented the word to people who were in a coma. 
B) They sometimes hypnotized people and told them not to see the word. 
C) They sometimes made the word too small and blurry to see. 
D) They sometimes presented a masking pattern after the word.

Question 6

What does it indicate if a sleeper's EEG shows long,slow,high-amplitude waves?​

Accepted Answer

A) The muscles are tense and ready for vigorous activity. 
B) ​More than the usual number of neurons are producing action potentials. 
C) ​Most neurons are active in synchrony with one another. 
D) ​Neurons in the left hemisphere are more active than those in the right hemisphere. 
A) The muscles are tense and ready for vigorous activity. 
B) ​More than the usual number of neurons are producing action potentials. 
C) ​Most neurons are active in synchrony with one another. 
D) ​Neurons in the left hemisphere are more active than those in the right hemisphere.

Question 7

What evidence shows that déjà vu does not mean that an experience really is familiar?​

Accepted Answer

A) A déjà vu experience is more common when other people are nearby. 
B) ​Some people have déjà vu experiences more often than others do. 
C) ​A déjà vu experience can happen in a familiar situation. 
D) ​With certain types of epilepsy, every event produces déjà vu. 
A) A déjà vu experience is more common when other people are nearby. 
B) ​Some people have déjà vu experiences more often than others do. 
C) ​A déjà vu experience can happen in a familiar situation. 
D) ​With certain types of epilepsy, every event produces déjà vu.

Question 8

If a hypnotist gets someone to balance with the head on one chair and feet on another chair,how does this happen?

Accepted Answer

A) A magnetic field holds the person up. 
B) Most people can do this even without hypnosis. 
C) Hypnosis gives people greater strength than they would have otherwise. 
D) A wire that the audience doesn't see is supporting the person's back. 
A) A magnetic field holds the person up. 
B) Most people can do this even without hypnosis. 
C) Hypnosis gives people greater strength than they would have otherwise. 
D) A wire that the audience doesn't see is supporting the person's back.

Question 9

What,if anything,happens when you are conscious of a visual stimulus,that does not happen when you are unconscious of the same stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) Activity spreads through more of your brain. 
B) Activity starts in a different part of your brain. 
C) Activity shifts from mostly the left hemisphere to mostly the right hemisphere. 
D) Your brain activity is identical in both cases. 
A) Activity spreads through more of your brain. 
B) Activity starts in a different part of your brain. 
C) Activity shifts from mostly the left hemisphere to mostly the right hemisphere. 
D) Your brain activity is identical in both cases.

Question 10

People remembered and later reported the time when they decided to flex their wrist.Researchers recorded the times of the movement,the reported decision,and when activity began to increase in the premotor cortex.Which,if any,happened FIRST?

Accepted Answer

A) The decision 
B) The movement 
C) The brain activity 
D) All three at once 
A) The decision 
B) The movement 
C) The brain activity 
D) All three at once

Question 11

Can a posthypnotic suggestion help someone quit smoking?

Accepted Answer

A) Probably, but the research has been limited. 
B) No, the results have consistently shown no effect. 
C) Yes, the results have consistently shown a significant benefit. 
D) Yes, but only for smokers who are also undergoing psychoanalysis. 
A) Probably, but the research has been limited. 
B) No, the results have consistently shown no effect. 
C) Yes, the results have consistently shown a significant benefit. 
D) Yes, but only for smokers who are also undergoing psychoanalysis.

Question 12

Why is it likely that people can report the time of a visual stimulus more accurately than the time of a voluntary decision to make a movement?

Accepted Answer

A) People are reluctant to describe their voluntary decisions. 
B) Voluntary decisions are slow and gradual. 
C) The visual cortex is larger than the motor cortex. 
D) Visual stimuli activate the language areas as well as the visual areas of the brain. 
A) People are reluctant to describe their voluntary decisions. 
B) Voluntary decisions are slow and gradual. 
C) The visual cortex is larger than the motor cortex. 
D) Visual stimuli activate the language areas as well as the visual areas of the brain.

Question 13

Why are many researchers skeptical of Freud's theory of dreams?​

Accepted Answer

A) The theory applies only to people in 20th-century Europe. 
B) ​Only therapists with extensive training can understand and apply the theory. 
C) ​The theory fails to uncover the unconscious motivations behind dreams. 
D) ​The theory offers interpretations whose accuracy we cannot check. 
A) The theory applies only to people in 20th-century Europe. 
B) ​Only therapists with extensive training can understand and apply the theory. 
C) ​The theory fails to uncover the unconscious motivations behind dreams. 
D) ​The theory offers interpretations whose accuracy we cannot check.

Question 14

Suppose we present a weak,brief stimulus that an observer does not perceive consciously.What happens if we gradually increase the stimulus from one trial to the next?​

Accepted Answer

A) Either activity spreads widely in the brain or it does not. Intermediates do not occur. 
B) ​For stronger stimuli, activity gradually spreads to more and more of the brain. 
C) ​For stronger stimuli, action potentials gradually travel faster and faster. 
D) ​For stronger stimuli, activity gradually persists longer and longer in the brain. 
A) Either activity spreads widely in the brain or it does not. Intermediates do not occur. 
B) ​For stronger stimuli, activity gradually spreads to more and more of the brain. 
C) ​For stronger stimuli, action potentials gradually travel faster and faster. 
D) ​For stronger stimuli, activity gradually persists longer and longer in the brain.

Question 15

Which of these is an important reason for sleep?​

Accepted Answer

A) Sleep increases blood flow to the muscles. 
B) ​Sleep saves energy. 
C) ​Sleep increases blood flow to the brain. 
D) ​Sleep increases the speed of all the body's chemical reactions. 
A) Sleep increases blood flow to the muscles. 
B) ​Sleep saves energy. 
C) ​Sleep increases blood flow to the brain. 
D) ​Sleep increases the speed of all the body's chemical reactions.

Question 16

Under what condition do memory tests most underestimate the abilities of older adults?​

Accepted Answer

A) If the tests are done in the morning 
B) ​If the tests are done in the evening 
C) ​If people drink coffee before taking the test 
D) ​If people are tested one at a time 
A) If the tests are done in the morning 
B) ​If the tests are done in the evening 
C) ​If people drink coffee before taking the test 
D) ​If people are tested one at a time

Question 17

How did some hypnotized people differ from those pretending to be hypnotized?​

Accepted Answer

A) Hypnotized people sometimes reported seeing one person in two places. 
B) ​Hypnotized people claimed to remember early childhood or previous lives. 
C) ​Hypnotized people could feel a pinprick without flinching or screaming. 
D) ​Hypnotized people showed signs of emotion when told to feel the emotion. 
A) Hypnotized people sometimes reported seeing one person in two places. 
B) ​Hypnotized people claimed to remember early childhood or previous lives. 
C) ​Hypnotized people could feel a pinprick without flinching or screaming. 
D) ​Hypnotized people showed signs of emotion when told to feel the emotion.

Question 18

According to the activation-synthesis theory,why do many people dream that they cannot move?

Accepted Answer

A) During dreams we regress to the experience of an infant or toddler. 
B) Remaining motionless serves the function of wish fulfillment. 
C) The postural muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep. 
D) Brain activity is at its minimum during REM sleep. 
A) During dreams we regress to the experience of an infant or toddler. 
B) Remaining motionless serves the function of wish fulfillment. 
C) The postural muscles are paralyzed during REM sleep. 
D) Brain activity is at its minimum during REM sleep.

Question 19

In which stage or stages of sleep does dreaming occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Only during stage 4 sleep 
B) More often during stage 4, but sometimes during other stages also 
C) More often during REM sleep, but sometimes during other stages also 
D) Only during REM sleep 
A) Only during stage 4 sleep 
B) More often during stage 4, but sometimes during other stages also 
C) More often during REM sleep, but sometimes during other stages also 
D) Only during REM sleep

Question 20

To overcome occasional,mild insomnia,which of the following is good advice?​

Accepted Answer

A) Take some alcohol or tranquilizers to help you get to sleep. 
B) ​Get some sunlight and exercise during the middle of the day. 
C) ​Spend a couple hours watching television or using a computer just before bedtime. 
D) ​Listen to some music while you try to get to sleep. 
A) Take some alcohol or tranquilizers to help you get to sleep. 
B) ​Get some sunlight and exercise during the middle of the day. 
C) ​Spend a couple hours watching television or using a computer just before bedtime. 
D) ​Listen to some music while you try to get to sleep.

Exam 10: Consciousnessconsciousness

​In Freud's theory,the content that appears on the surface of a dream is known as what?

Which hormone has the greatest influence on sleepiness?​

How well do young and old people perform on memory tasks at different times of day?​

During sleep,when is brain activity highest and muscle activity least?

What was one method researchers used to present a word so that people would be conscious of it on some trials and not others?

What does it indicate if a sleeper's EEG shows long,slow,high-amplitude waves?​

What evidence shows that déjà vu does not mean that an experience really is familiar?​

If a hypnotist gets someone to balance with the head on one chair and feet on another chair,how does this happen?

What,if anything,happens when you are conscious of a visual stimulus,that does not happen when you are unconscious of the same stimulus?

People remembered and later reported the time when they decided to flex their wrist.Researchers recorded the times of the movement,the reported decision,and when activity began to increase in the premotor cortex.Which,if any,happened FIRST?

Can a posthypnotic suggestion help someone quit smoking?

Why is it likely that people can report the time of a visual stimulus more accurately than the time of a voluntary decision to make a movement?

Why are many researchers skeptical of Freud's theory of dreams?​

Suppose we present a weak,brief stimulus that an observer does not perceive consciously.What happens if we gradually increase the stimulus from one trial to the next?​

Which of these is an important reason for sleep?​

Under what condition do memory tests most underestimate the abilities of older adults?​

How did some hypnotized people differ from those pretending to be hypnotized?​

According to the activation-synthesis theory,why do many people dream that they cannot move?

In which stage or stages of sleep does dreaming occur?

To overcome occasional,mild insomnia,which of the following is good advice?​

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Memory

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In Freud's theory,the content that appears on the surface of a dream is known as what?

Which hormone has the greatest influence on sleepiness?

How well do young and old people perform on memory tasks at different times of day?

What does it indicate if a sleeper's EEG shows long,slow,high-amplitude waves?

What evidence shows that déjà vu does not mean that an experience really is familiar?

Why are many researchers skeptical of Freud's theory of dreams?

Suppose we present a weak,brief stimulus that an observer does not perceive consciously.What happens if we gradually increase the stimulus from one trial to the next?

Which of these is an important reason for sleep?

Under what condition do memory tests most underestimate the abilities of older adults?

How did some hypnotized people differ from those pretending to be hypnotized?

To overcome occasional,mild insomnia,which of the following is good advice?