Question 1

As a sleeper progresses through the night,what change,if any,is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Less of stages 3 and 4, and more of REM sleep 
B) Less of REM sleep, and more of stages 3 and 4 
C) Less of stages 2 and 3, and more of both REM sleep and stage 4 
D) No overall change 
A) Less of stages 3 and 4, and more of REM sleep 
B) Less of REM sleep, and more of stages 3 and 4 
C) Less of stages 2 and 3, and more of both REM sleep and stage 4 
D) No overall change

Question 2

If a hypnotist suggests "decreased pain," what will probably happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The pain will be as strong as usual. 
B) The pain messages will reach the brain, but the person will react less strongly than usual. 
C) The pain messages will reach the spinal cord, but they will not continue to the brain. 
D) The pain receptors will not respond to harmful stimuli. 
A) The pain will be as strong as usual. 
B) The pain messages will reach the brain, but the person will react less strongly than usual. 
C) The pain messages will reach the spinal cord, but they will not continue to the brain. 
D) The pain receptors will not respond to harmful stimuli.

Question 3

​Sunlight plays what role,if any,in circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A) Sunlight resets the rhythms. 
B) ​We learn from sunlight to set our rhythms at 24 hours instead of some other length. 
C) ​The brightness of sunlight increases the length of the circadian rhythm. 
D) ​Sunlight is irrelevant to circadian rhythms. 
A) Sunlight resets the rhythms. 
B) ​We learn from sunlight to set our rhythms at 24 hours instead of some other length. 
C) ​The brightness of sunlight increases the length of the circadian rhythm. 
D) ​Sunlight is irrelevant to circadian rhythms.

Question 4

Which of these is a useful operational definition of consciousness?​

Accepted Answer

A) Someone who has a subjective experience of something is conscious of it. 
B) ​Someone who is aware of his or her surroundings is conscious of it. 
C) ​Someone who feels happy or sad about something was conscious of it. 
D) ​Someone who reports the presence of a stimulus was conscious of it. 
A) Someone who has a subjective experience of something is conscious of it. 
B) ​Someone who is aware of his or her surroundings is conscious of it. 
C) ​Someone who feels happy or sad about something was conscious of it. 
D) ​Someone who reports the presence of a stimulus was conscious of it.

Question 5

What is characteristic of someone in a vegetative state?

Accepted Answer

A) No brain activity and no response to any stimulus 
B) Low, steady brain activity and no response to any stimulus 
C) Limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain 
D) Brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension 
A) No brain activity and no response to any stimulus 
B) Low, steady brain activity and no response to any stimulus 
C) Limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain 
D) Brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension

Question 6

What accounts for sleepwalking?​

Accepted Answer

A) Part of the brain is awake and part is asleep. 
B) ​The nerve-muscle junctions fire by themselves without input from the brain. 
C) ​The person is in REM sleep and acting out a dream. 
D) ​The person is really awake and just pretending to be asleep. 
A) Part of the brain is awake and part is asleep. 
B) ​The nerve-muscle junctions fire by themselves without input from the brain. 
C) ​The person is in REM sleep and acting out a dream. 
D) ​The person is really awake and just pretending to be asleep.

Question 7

In Freud's theory,the hidden ideas that a dream symbolizes are known as what?

Accepted Answer

A) The latent content 
B) The psychoanalytic content 
C) The psychometric content 
D) The manifest content 
A) The latent content 
B) The psychoanalytic content 
C) The psychometric content 
D) The manifest content

Question 8

In which of these conditions does someone show the least responsiveness and brain activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Brain death 
B) ​Minimally conscious state 
C) ​Vegetative state 
D) ​Coma 
A) Brain death 
B) ​Minimally conscious state 
C) ​Vegetative state 
D) ​Coma

Question 9

​In most cases jet lag is most intense for people traveling which direction?

Accepted Answer

A) West to east 
B) ​East to west 
C) ​South to north 
D) ​North to south 
A) West to east 
B) ​East to west 
C) ​South to north 
D) ​North to south

Question 10

​Why are people unconscious most of the time while they are asleep?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurons in most areas of the brain stop producing action potentials. 
B) ​Except for extremely strong stimuli, the sense organs stop sending messages to the brain. 
C) ​Inhibitory synapses block the spread of messages from one brain area to another. 
D) ​Action potentials in the brain slow to approximately one-third their usual speed. 
A) Neurons in most areas of the brain stop producing action potentials. 
B) ​Except for extremely strong stimuli, the sense organs stop sending messages to the brain. 
C) ​Inhibitory synapses block the spread of messages from one brain area to another. 
D) ​Action potentials in the brain slow to approximately one-third their usual speed.

Question 11

In a study on whether people could pretend to be hypnotized,what did some of the hypnotized subjects do that the pretenders did not?

Accepted Answer

A) They made themselves stiff enough to balance with head on one chair and feet on another. 
B) ​They tolerated brief sharp pain without flinching or screaming. 
C) ​They sat down when told to, without first checking to see whether a chair was present. 
D) ​They expressed puzzlement at seeing one person in two places. 
A) They made themselves stiff enough to balance with head on one chair and feet on another. 
B) ​They tolerated brief sharp pain without flinching or screaming. 
C) ​They sat down when told to, without first checking to see whether a chair was present. 
D) ​They expressed puzzlement at seeing one person in two places.

Question 12

​What happens to brain activity during sleep?

Accepted Answer

A) Most neurons cease any spontaneous activity. 
B) ​Most neurons become almost totally unresponsive to any stimulation. 
C) ​The left hemisphere becomes silent but the right hemisphere continues normally. 
D) ​Increased inhibitory messages block the spread of neuronal activity. 
A) Most neurons cease any spontaneous activity. 
B) ​Most neurons become almost totally unresponsive to any stimulation. 
C) ​The left hemisphere becomes silent but the right hemisphere continues normally. 
D) ​Increased inhibitory messages block the spread of neuronal activity.

Question 13

What is the difference,on average,between the circadian rhythms of young and old people?​

Accepted Answer

A) On average, older adults are most alert later in the day. 
B) ​On average, older adults are most alert early in the day. 
C) ​Most young adults are equally alert at all times of day. 
D) ​Most older adults are equally alert at all times of day. 
A) On average, older adults are most alert later in the day. 
B) ​On average, older adults are most alert early in the day. 
C) ​Most young adults are equally alert at all times of day. 
D) ​Most older adults are equally alert at all times of day.

Question 14

​What is one likely explanation for why horses evolved a tendency to sleep few hours per night?

Accepted Answer

A) They have less need than other species to consolidate their memories. 
B) ​They eat a diet that is unusually rich in calories. 
C) ​They are at high risk of being attacked during their sleep. 
D) ​They have higher body temperatures than most other mammals. 
A) They have less need than other species to consolidate their memories. 
B) ​They eat a diet that is unusually rich in calories. 
C) ​They are at high risk of being attacked during their sleep. 
D) ​They have higher body temperatures than most other mammals.

Question 15

Which of these flights would produce the most intense jet lag for most people?​

Accepted Answer

A) Chicago to Paris 
B) ​Paris to Chicago 
C) ​Chicago to Dallas 
D) ​Dallas to Chicago 
A) Chicago to Paris 
B) ​Paris to Chicago 
C) ​Chicago to Dallas 
D) ​Dallas to Chicago

Question 16

Researchers present a series of stimuli,but prevent you from being conscious of certain ones of those stimuli.What happens when you are conscious of a stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) The pineal gland becomes active. 
B) The corpus callosum prevents the left and right hemispheres from synchronizing. 
C) Brain activity becomes confined to one central area. 
D) Activity spreads more widely in the brain. 
A) The pineal gland becomes active. 
B) The corpus callosum prevents the left and right hemispheres from synchronizing. 
C) Brain activity becomes confined to one central area. 
D) Activity spreads more widely in the brain.

Question 17

Suppose you have a habit of going to sleep late and awakening late,but now you shift to an earlier schedule.Your adjustment will be as if you were traveling which direction?​

Accepted Answer

A) South to north 
B) ​North to south 
C) ​East to west 
D) ​West to east 
A) South to north 
B) ​North to south 
C) ​East to west 
D) ​West to east

Question 18

Why is REM sleep sometimes called "paradoxical sleep"?

Accepted Answer

A) Breathing rate is steady but the muscles are twitching. 
B) Heart rate is steady but the muscles are twitching. 
C) The brain is inactive but the large muscles are active. 
D) The brain is active but the large muscles are relaxed. 
A) Breathing rate is steady but the muscles are twitching. 
B) Heart rate is steady but the muscles are twitching. 
C) The brain is inactive but the large muscles are active. 
D) The brain is active but the large muscles are relaxed.

Question 19

Which of these practical uses of hypnosis is effective,based on the evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) Predicting future events 
B) Increasing muscular strength 
C) Recovering repressed memories from early childhood 
D) Relieving pain without anesthesia 
A) Predicting future events 
B) Increasing muscular strength 
C) Recovering repressed memories from early childhood 
D) Relieving pain without anesthesia

Question 20

Someone with sleep apnea has trouble doing what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Falling asleep 
B) ​Remembering dreams 
C) ​Staying awake during the day 
D) ​Breathing while asleep 
A) Falling asleep 
B) ​Remembering dreams 
C) ​Staying awake during the day 
D) ​Breathing while asleep

Exam 10: Consciousnessconsciousness

As a sleeper progresses through the night,what change,if any,is likely to happen?

If a hypnotist suggests "decreased pain," what will probably happen?

​Sunlight plays what role,if any,in circadian rhythms?

Which of these is a useful operational definition of consciousness?​

What is characteristic of someone in a vegetative state?

What accounts for sleepwalking?​

In Freud's theory,the hidden ideas that a dream symbolizes are known as what?

In which of these conditions does someone show the least responsiveness and brain activity?

​In most cases jet lag is most intense for people traveling which direction?

​Why are people unconscious most of the time while they are asleep?

In a study on whether people could pretend to be hypnotized,what did some of the hypnotized subjects do that the pretenders did not?

​What happens to brain activity during sleep?

What is the difference,on average,between the circadian rhythms of young and old people?​

​What is one likely explanation for why horses evolved a tendency to sleep few hours per night?

Which of these flights would produce the most intense jet lag for most people?​

Researchers present a series of stimuli,but prevent you from being conscious of certain ones of those stimuli.What happens when you are conscious of a stimulus?

Suppose you have a habit of going to sleep late and awakening late,but now you shift to an earlier schedule.Your adjustment will be as if you were traveling which direction?​

Why is REM sleep sometimes called "paradoxical sleep"?

Which of these practical uses of hypnosis is effective,based on the evidence?

Someone with sleep apnea has trouble doing what?​

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

Sunlight plays what role,if any,in circadian rhythms?

Which of these is a useful operational definition of consciousness?

What accounts for sleepwalking?

In most cases jet lag is most intense for people traveling which direction?

Why are people unconscious most of the time while they are asleep?

What happens to brain activity during sleep?

What is the difference,on average,between the circadian rhythms of young and old people?

What is one likely explanation for why horses evolved a tendency to sleep few hours per night?

Which of these flights would produce the most intense jet lag for most people?

Suppose you have a habit of going to sleep late and awakening late,but now you shift to an earlier schedule.Your adjustment will be as if you were traveling which direction?

Someone with sleep apnea has trouble doing what?