Question 1

Mutations

Accepted Answer

A)  when occurring on a particular Okazaki fragment can lead to different loci 
B)  often change a person's blood from type A to type AB 
C)  are responsible for heritable variations seen in progeny 
D)  occur only when the DNA is transmitted to a daughter cell 
A)  when occurring on a particular Okazaki fragment can lead to different loci 
B)  often change a person's blood from type A to type AB 
C)  are responsible for heritable variations seen in progeny 
D)  occur only when the DNA is transmitted to a daughter cell C

Question 2

Transcription results in the formation of what type of new molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Protein 
D)  lipid 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Protein 
D)  lipid B

Question 3

A permanent alteration in the DNA of an organism is called a/n

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  hereditary marker 
C)  replicon 
D)  allele 
A)  mutation 
B)  hereditary marker 
C)  replicon 
D)  allele A

Question 4

Spontaneous mutations are

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by chemicals such as acridine and caffeine 
B)  caused by physical agents such as ultraviolet light or x-rays 
C)  the result of errors in the base pairing of nucleotides during replication 
D)  occur at a rate higher than the rate of induced mutations 
A)  caused by chemicals such as acridine and caffeine 
B)  caused by physical agents such as ultraviolet light or x-rays 
C)  the result of errors in the base pairing of nucleotides during replication 
D)  occur at a rate higher than the rate of induced mutations

Question 5

Mutagens such as 5-bromouracil cause mutations by

Accepted Answer

A)  substituting for one of the bases normally found in DNA 
B)  adding an alkyl group to a nucleotide 
C)  removing an amino group from a nucleotide 
D)  causing breaks in chromosomes 
A)  substituting for one of the bases normally found in DNA 
B)  adding an alkyl group to a nucleotide 
C)  removing an amino group from a nucleotide 
D)  causing breaks in chromosomes

Question 6

Organisms that have lost the ability to synthesize a particular enzyme and which require certain nutrients to be added to their medium to maintain growth are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  phototrophs 
B)  auxotrophs 
C)  prototrophs 
D)  autotrophs 
A)  phototrophs 
B)  auxotrophs 
C)  prototrophs 
D)  autotrophs

Question 7

Messenger RNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is formed in the 3' to 5' direction 
B)  is found only in prokaryotes 
C)  contains uracil instead of thymine 
D)  is synthesized using the enzyme ligase 
A)  is formed in the 3' to 5' direction 
B)  is found only in prokaryotes 
C)  contains uracil instead of thymine 
D)  is synthesized using the enzyme ligase

Question 8

The process of ________ results in the synthesis of a new protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  translation 
D)  transversion 
A)  replication 
B)  transcription 
C)  translation 
D)  transversion

Question 9

Replication results in the formation of what type of new molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Protein 
D)  lipid 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Protein 
D)  lipid

Question 10

A plasmid is a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  extrachromosomal piece of DNA 
B)  chromosomal site to which genetic activity can be traced 
C)  body found in the cytoplasm that directs protein synthesis 
D)  molecule that carries the genetic message of the chromosomal DNA 
A)  extrachromosomal piece of DNA 
B)  chromosomal site to which genetic activity can be traced 
C)  body found in the cytoplasm that directs protein synthesis 
D)  molecule that carries the genetic message of the chromosomal DNA

Question 11

Which nitrogenous base is not normally found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  guanine 
B)  thymine 
C)  uracil 
D)  adenine 
A)  guanine 
B)  thymine 
C)  uracil 
D)  adenine

Question 12

Using the lac and trp operons as examples,describe the two control mechanisms for protein synthesis: one based on enzyme induction and the other based on enzyme repression.

Accepted Answer

In the case of the lac operon,when the i

Question 13

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction that displays feedback inhibition

Accepted Answer

A)  excess substrate will inhibit the reaction 
B)  excess product will inhibit the reaction 
C)  the reaction continues at the same pace regardless of conditions in the cell 
D)  excess product is broken down to create new substrate 
A)  excess substrate will inhibit the reaction 
B)  excess product will inhibit the reaction 
C)  the reaction continues at the same pace regardless of conditions in the cell 
D)  excess product is broken down to create new substrate

Question 14

An anticodon would be found in/on a ________ molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  the lagging strand 
D)  rRNA 
A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  the lagging strand 
D)  rRNA

Question 15

During DNA replication

Accepted Answer

A)  the leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction 
B)  the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously 
C)  the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction 
D)  both strands are synthesized discontinuously 
A)  the leading strand is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction 
B)  the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously 
C)  the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction 
D)  both strands are synthesized discontinuously

Question 16

Bacterial chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  must be present for bacteria to stay alive and reproduce 
B)  are small segments of DNA that have the ability to move from one position to another 
C)  contain genetic information that is helpful but not necessary for survival 
D)  are always circular and only one is present in each bacteria 
A)  must be present for bacteria to stay alive and reproduce 
B)  are small segments of DNA that have the ability to move from one position to another 
C)  contain genetic information that is helpful but not necessary for survival 
D)  are always circular and only one is present in each bacteria

Question 17

Photoreactivation

Accepted Answer

A)  repairs dimers in DNA using an endonuclease 
B)  uses light to activate repair enzymes 
C)  removes alkylating agents from bases 
D)  occurs when UV light causes mutations in DNA 
A)  repairs dimers in DNA using an endonuclease 
B)  uses light to activate repair enzymes 
C)  removes alkylating agents from bases 
D)  occurs when UV light causes mutations in DNA

Question 18

RNA polymerase uses ________ as a template to synthesize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA, proteins 
B)  RNA, DNA 
C)  DNA, RNA 
D)  DNA, proteins 
A)  RNA, proteins 
B)  RNA, DNA 
C)  DNA, RNA 
D)  DNA, proteins

Question 19

Which statement about mutations is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  a mutation can alter the genotype of an organism without altering the phenotype 
B)  frameshift mutations are typically more serious than point mutations 
C)  spontaneous mutations are the result of exposure to mutagens 
D)  photoreactivation can take place in non-photosynthetic bacteria 
A)  a mutation can alter the genotype of an organism without altering the phenotype 
B)  frameshift mutations are typically more serious than point mutations 
C)  spontaneous mutations are the result of exposure to mutagens 
D)  photoreactivation can take place in non-photosynthetic bacteria

Question 20

In the lac operon,RNA polymerase first binds to the

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter 
B)  operator 
C)  repressor 
D)  regulator 
A)  promoter 
B)  operator 
C)  repressor 
D)  regulator

Exam 7: Microbial Genetics

Mutations

Transcription results in the formation of what type of new molecule?

A permanent alteration in the DNA of an organism is called a/n

Spontaneous mutations are

Mutagens such as 5-bromouracil cause mutations by

Organisms that have lost the ability to synthesize a particular enzyme and which require certain nutrients to be added to their medium to maintain growth are termed

Messenger RNA

The process of ________ results in the synthesis of a new protein.

Replication results in the formation of what type of new molecule?

A plasmid is a/an:

Which nitrogenous base is not normally found in DNA?

Using the lac and trp operons as examples,describe the two control mechanisms for protein synthesis: one based on enzyme induction and the other based on enzyme repression.

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction that displays feedback inhibition

An anticodon would be found in/on a ________ molecule.

During DNA replication

Bacterial chromosomes

Photoreactivation

RNA polymerase uses ________ as a template to synthesize ________.

Which statement about mutations is false?

In the lac operon,RNA polymerase first binds to the

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Immunolgy Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

Applied Microbiology

Filters

RNA polymerase uses as a template to synthesize .