Question 1

Antigenic or molecular mimicry

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when T cells attack tissue antigens similar to bacterial antigens 
B)  involves self reactive T cells hiding in the thymus 
C)  leads to an increase in the number of regulatory T cells 
D)  none of the above 
A)  occurs when T cells attack tissue antigens similar to bacterial antigens 
B)  involves self reactive T cells hiding in the thymus 
C)  leads to an increase in the number of regulatory T cells 
D)  none of the above A

Question 2

Rhogam,which is administered to women during pregnancy to prevent the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the newborn,is

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh positive antigen 
B)  Rh negative antigen 
C)  Anti-Rh antibodies (IgG) 
D)  two of the above 
A)  Rh positive antigen 
B)  Rh negative antigen 
C)  Anti-Rh antibodies (IgG) 
D)  two of the above C

Question 3

One explanation for the increased incidence of allergies is the hygiene hypothesis. It suggests that a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents and later a lack of exposure to helminthes as adults increases susceptibility to allergic diseases. How would you explain why people living in modern hygienic conditions have more allergies? Do you believe they are exposed to more allergens or that having less infectious agents makes one more likely to react to allergens? Explain your decision and describe what experiments or observations would be necessary to support your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary as it is a personal opinion. However one explanation may be that modern living involves exposure to lots of dust mites,pollen and mold spores. Experiments to support this explanation include epidemiological studies testing whether atopic individuals have been exposed to more allergens or lived in conditions with more allergens or experiments that demonstrate more allergies with higher doses of exposure to allergens.
An alternative explanation is that by having fewer infectious diseases the immune system over-reacts to allergens present. This would require that there be a negative association between exposure to infectious diseases and allergies. This could be investigated by looking at the epidemiology of infectious diseases and allergies in communities that have different incidences for allergies or testing whether exposure to infectious disease is protective against allergy induction.

Question 4

The match between HLAs determines the suitability of transplants; which HLA is known to generate the strongest transplant rejection reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  HLA-A and HLA-B 
B)  HLA B27 
C)  HLA Dw3 
D)  HLA-DR 
A)  HLA-A and HLA-B 
B)  HLA B27 
C)  HLA Dw3 
D)  HLA-DR

Question 5

Autoimmunization

Accepted Answer

A)  is an acquired process not linked to any genetic factors 
B)  involves vaccinations that are administered by the patient not a doctor 
C)  is the process by which hypersensitivity to self develops 
D)  two of the above 
A)  is an acquired process not linked to any genetic factors 
B)  involves vaccinations that are administered by the patient not a doctor 
C)  is the process by which hypersensitivity to self develops 
D)  two of the above

Question 6

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)is a life threatening condition. Its treatment includes

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow transplants 
B)  immunosuppressive drugs 
C)  steroids 
D)  two of the above 
A)  bone marrow transplants 
B)  immunosuppressive drugs 
C)  steroids 
D)  two of the above

Question 7

Drug reactions

Accepted Answer

A)  are associated with only 3 of the 4 types of hypersensitivities 
B)  are common because most drug molecules are large enough to act as allergens 
C)  can occur with antibiotics 
D)  two of the above 
A)  are associated with only 3 of the 4 types of hypersensitivities 
B)  are common because most drug molecules are large enough to act as allergens 
C)  can occur with antibiotics 
D)  two of the above

Question 8

Imagine you have a sibling that needs a kidney transplant. You offer to give your kidney. What reaction against the red blood cells in the donor kidney would occur if you had different blood groups? Even if you had the same blood groups why might you not be able to give her one of your kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A kidney transplant when the blood type

Question 9

Antihistamines and/or desensitization may be effective in relieving the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
B)  Immune complex hypersensitivity 
C)  Immediate hypersensitivity 
D)  Cell-mediated hypersensitivity 
A)  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
B)  Immune complex hypersensitivity 
C)  Immediate hypersensitivity 
D)  Cell-mediated hypersensitivity

Question 10

Which of the following could result in a Type II hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a patient with A blood given B blood by mistake 
B)  an Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus 
C)  an Rh-positive mother carrying an Rh-negative fetus 
D)  two of the above 
A)  a patient with A blood given B blood by mistake 
B)  an Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus 
C)  an Rh-positive mother carrying an Rh-negative fetus 
D)  two of the above

Question 11

Steroids can be useful drugs to lessen the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
B)  Immune complex hypersensitivity 
C)  Immediate hypersensitivity 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
B)  Immune complex hypersensitivity 
C)  Immediate hypersensitivity 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

Which is the main cellular mediator released during degranulation of mast cells and is associated with capillary dilation (capillaries become more permeable)?

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukins 
B)  histamine 
C)  antihistamine 
D)  IgG 
A)  interleukins 
B)  histamine 
C)  antihistamine 
D)  IgG

Question 13

To treat generalized anaphylaxis,_________ must be administered immediately.

Accepted Answer

A)  histamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  antibiotics 
A)  histamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  antibiotics

Question 14

All of the following are Type III hypersensitivities except

Accepted Answer

A)  granulomatous reactions 
B)  serum sickness 
C)  rheumatoid arthritis 
D)  lupus erythematosus 
A)  granulomatous reactions 
B)  serum sickness 
C)  rheumatoid arthritis 
D)  lupus erythematosus

Question 15

All of the following can occur after tissue transplantation except

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue transplants may be rejected and destroyed by the host's immune system 
B)  the host immune system can become tolerant to the transplanted tissue 
C)  tissue transplants can launch a cell-mediated response against the recipient's tissue 
D)  all immune rejection occurs either at the time of the graft or within days after 
A)  tissue transplants may be rejected and destroyed by the host's immune system 
B)  the host immune system can become tolerant to the transplanted tissue 
C)  tissue transplants can launch a cell-mediated response against the recipient's tissue 
D)  all immune rejection occurs either at the time of the graft or within days after

Question 16

Allergens bind to sensitized mast cells cross-linking ____ molecules causing degranulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  IgB 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  IgB 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE

Question 17

DiGeorge's Syndrome is due to a lack of

Accepted Answer

A)  B-cells 
B)  T-cells 
C)  complement 
D)  TH cell deficiency 
A)  B-cells 
B)  T-cells 
C)  complement 
D)  TH cell deficiency

Question 18

All of the following are associated with Type IV hypersensitivity except

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen presenting cells 
B)  plasma cells 
C)  sensitized TH1 cells 
D)  granulomatous lesions 
A)  antigen presenting cells 
B)  plasma cells 
C)  sensitized TH1 cells 
D)  granulomatous lesions

Question 19

Immediate type hypersensitivity is mediated by

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG 
B)  T cells 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE 
A)  IgG 
B)  T cells 
C)  IgM 
D)  IgE

Question 20

Choose one immunological test - either a precipitin test,agglutination reaction or a tagged antibody test -- diagram how it is used to detect antibodies or antigens. In your diagram be sure to show what allows for the visualization of either the precipitin ring,the agglutination or the antigen on a cells surface.

Accepted Answer

In all diagrams the key element should b

Exam 18: Immunolgy Ii: Immunological Disorders and Tests

Antigenic or molecular mimicry

Rhogam,which is administered to women during pregnancy to prevent the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the newborn,is

The match between HLAs determines the suitability of transplants; which HLA is known to generate the strongest transplant rejection reaction?

Autoimmunization

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)is a life threatening condition. Its treatment includes

Drug reactions

Imagine you have a sibling that needs a kidney transplant. You offer to give your kidney. What reaction against the red blood cells in the donor kidney would occur if you had different blood groups? Even if you had the same blood groups why might you not be able to give her one of your kidneys?

Antihistamines and/or desensitization may be effective in relieving the symptoms of

Which of the following could result in a Type II hypersensitivity?

Steroids can be useful drugs to lessen the effects of

Which is the main cellular mediator released during degranulation of mast cells and is associated with capillary dilation (capillaries become more permeable)?

To treat generalized anaphylaxis,_________ must be administered immediately.

All of the following are Type III hypersensitivities except

All of the following can occur after tissue transplantation except

Allergens bind to sensitized mast cells cross-linking ____ molecules causing degranulation.

DiGeorge's Syndrome is due to a lack of

All of the following are associated with Type IV hypersensitivity except

Immediate type hypersensitivity is mediated by

Scope and History of Microbiology

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Microscopy and Staining

Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Essential Concepts of Metabolism

Growth and Culturing of Bacteria

Microbial Genetics

Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering

An Introduction to Taxonomy: the Bacteria

Viruses

Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites

Sterilization and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes

Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections

Innate Host Defenses

Immunology I: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization

Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cardiovascular, lymphatic and Systemic Disease

Diseases of the Nervous System

Environmental Microbiology

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