Question 1

Second messengers
I. include cGMP
II. are small, soluble molecules
III. are released or generated in response to extracellular signals
IV. include catecholamines

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II and III 
B)  I only 
C)  II and III 
D)  III and IV 
E)  I, II, III and IV 
A)  I, II and III 
B)  I only 
C)  II and III 
D)  III and IV 
E)  I, II, III and IV

Question 2

MAP kinases generally
I. work through the activation of heterotrimeric G-protein coupled receptors
II. require multiple phosphorylations to be activated
III. are specific tyrosine kinases
IV. include PKA among its cascade members

Accepted Answer

A)  I and III 
B)  II only 
C)  I, II and III 
D)  II and IV 
E)  I, II, III and IV 
A)  I and III 
B)  II only 
C)  I, II and III 
D)  II and IV 
E)  I, II, III and IV

Question 3

Which is NOT true of insulin?
I. Its receptors must dimerize for activation to occur
II. It recruits scaffolding proteins such as IRS which begins signal amplification
III. It influences cell growth by working through the MAP kinase pathway
IV. It activates lipases leading to release lipids from adipocytes

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II and IV 
B)  II and III 
C)  I, III and IV 
D)  IV only 
E)  II only 
A)  I, II and IV 
B)  II and III 
C)  I, III and IV 
D)  IV only 
E)  II only

Question 4

SOCS (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling) binds ___ and ____ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  JAK; activates 
B)  STAT; activates 
C)  STAT; inhibits 
D)  JAK; inhibits 
E)  JAK; phosphorylates 
A)  JAK; activates 
B)  STAT; activates 
C)  STAT; inhibits 
D)  JAK; inhibits 
E)  JAK; phosphorylates

Question 5

The following questions refer to the structure below:  
-What is the name of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  GTP 
C)  GMP 
D)  AMP 
E)  cAMP 
A)  ATP 
B)  GTP 
C)  GMP 
D)  AMP 
E)  cAMP

Question 6

In addition to the soluble form of guanylate cyclase, a transmembrane form is also present in the vasculature, where it serves as a receptor for ___, which also results in vasodilation.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  catecholamines 
C)  growth factors 
D)  atrial natriuretic factor 
E)  cortisol 
A)  insulin 
B)  catecholamines 
C)  growth factors 
D)  atrial natriuretic factor 
E)  cortisol

Question 7

The insulin receptor must itself be phosphorylated to be activated. The activation of the insulin receptor occurs through catalysis by protein kinase A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sentences are true. 
B)  Both sentences are false. 
C)  The first sentence is true and the second sentence is false. 
D)  The first sentence is false and the second sentence is true. 
A)  Both sentences are true. 
B)  Both sentences are false. 
C)  The first sentence is true and the second sentence is false. 
D)  The first sentence is false and the second sentence is true.

Question 8

STAT is a signal transduction protein that

Accepted Answer

A)  must be phosphorylated to be activated 
B)  must dimerize to be activated 
C)  is dimerized through its SH2 domains 
D)  serves as a transcription factor 
E)  All of the above are correct 
A)  must be phosphorylated to be activated 
B)  must dimerize to be activated 
C)  is dimerized through its SH2 domains 
D)  serves as a transcription factor 
E)  All of the above are correct

Question 9

What enzyme is activated by association with an active G protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenylate cyclase 
B)  cAMP phosphodiesterase 
C)  protein kinase A 
D)  protein kinase G 
E)  all of the above 
A)  adenylate cyclase 
B)  cAMP phosphodiesterase 
C)  protein kinase A 
D)  protein kinase G 
E)  all of the above

Question 10

The target of phospholipase C is a(n) ___ found in the ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipid; cell membrane 
B)  protein; cell membrane 
C)  enzyme; cell membrane 
D)  phospholipid; endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  protein; nucleus 
A)  phospholipid; cell membrane 
B)  protein; cell membrane 
C)  enzyme; cell membrane 
D)  phospholipid; endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  protein; nucleus

Question 11

The insulin receptor is of the ___________ type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The insulin receptor is of the ___________...

Question 12

To effect vasodilation, NO

Accepted Answer

A)  binds vascular endothelial guanylate cycles and activates it 
B)  binds vascular smooth muscle guanylate cyclase and activates it 
C)  binds vascular smooth muscle guanylate cyclase and inhibits it 
D)  binds vascular endothelial guanylate cyclase and inhibits it 
E)  Both A and B are correct 
A)  binds vascular endothelial guanylate cycles and activates it 
B)  binds vascular smooth muscle guanylate cyclase and activates it 
C)  binds vascular smooth muscle guanylate cyclase and inhibits it 
D)  binds vascular endothelial guanylate cyclase and inhibits it 
E)  Both A and B are correct

Question 13

____ are genes that code for proteins that encourage cell growth and survival, but when mutated may lead to overgrowth and tumor formation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ are genes that code for proteins...

Question 14

The action of phospholipase C produces the second messengers ___ and ___.

Accepted Answer

inositol t

Question 15

When bound to its specific CDK, one cyclin is apparently responsible for assembling metaphase chromosomes. The cyclin responsible for this assembly is likely Cyclin E, which peaks during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sentences are true 
B)  Both sentences are false 
C)  The first sentence is true and the second sentence is false 
D)  The first sentence is false and the second sentence is true 
A)  Both sentences are true 
B)  Both sentences are false 
C)  The first sentence is true and the second sentence is false 
D)  The first sentence is false and the second sentence is true

Question 16

Activation of a G protein in response to hormone binding requires binding of _____ to the _____ subunit.

Accepted Answer

A)  GDP; $\beta$ 
B)  GTP; $\alpha$ 
C)  GDP; $\gamma$ 
D)  GTP; $\beta$ 
E)  GDP; $\alpha$ 
A)  GDP; $\beta$ 
B)  GTP; $\alpha$ 
C)  GDP; $\gamma$ 
D)  GTP; $\beta$ 
E)  GDP; $\alpha$

Question 17

ERK, JNK and p38

Accepted Answer

A)  are MAP kinase pathway branches 
B)  respond to mitogens 
C)  may be responsible for some cancers 
D)  phosphorylate transcription factors 
E)  All the above are correct 
A)  are MAP kinase pathway branches 
B)  respond to mitogens 
C)  may be responsible for some cancers 
D)  phosphorylate transcription factors 
E)  All the above are correct

Question 18

What is common to both the insulin receptor and JAK/STAT receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are similar to growth factor receptors 
B)  Both need to dimerize following ligand binding 
C)  Both autophosphorylate 
D)  Both A and B are correct 
E)  All of the above are correct 
A)  Both are similar to growth factor receptors 
B)  Both need to dimerize following ligand binding 
C)  Both autophosphorylate 
D)  Both A and B are correct 
E)  All of the above are correct

Question 19

Through its activation in preadipocytes, the JAK-STAT pathway has shown a link between

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammation and mitogenesis 
B)  obesity and mitogenesis 
C)  obesity and inflammation 
D)  obesity and diabetes 
E)  diabetes and cell growth 
A)  inflammation and mitogenesis 
B)  obesity and mitogenesis 
C)  obesity and inflammation 
D)  obesity and diabetes 
E)  diabetes and cell growth

Question 20

Ligand binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase causes _____ of the receptor which then _____ the next protein in the signaling pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  methylation; hydrolyzes 
B)  hydrolysis; inhibits 
C)  autophosphorylation; phosphorylates 
D)  acylation; activates 
E)  none of the above 
A)  methylation; hydrolyzes 
B)  hydrolysis; inhibits 
C)  autophosphorylation; phosphorylates 
D)  acylation; activates 
E)  none of the above

Exam 23: Signal

Second messengers I. include cGMP II. are small, soluble molecules III. are released or generated in response to extracellular signals IV. include catecholamines

MAP kinases generally I. work through the activation of heterotrimeric G-protein coupled receptors II. require multiple phosphorylations to be activated III. are specific tyrosine kinases IV. include PKA among its cascade members

SOCS (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling) binds ___ and ____ it.

The following questions refer to the structure below: -What is the name of this molecule?

In addition to the soluble form of guanylate cyclase, a transmembrane form is also present in the vasculature, where it serves as a receptor for ___, which also results in vasodilation.

The insulin receptor must itself be phosphorylated to be activated. The activation of the insulin receptor occurs through catalysis by protein kinase A.

STAT is a signal transduction protein that

What enzyme is activated by association with an active G protein?

The target of phospholipase C is a(n) ___ found in the ___.

The insulin receptor is of the ___________ type.

To effect vasodilation, NO

____ are genes that code for proteins that encourage cell growth and survival, but when mutated may lead to overgrowth and tumor formation.

The action of phospholipase C produces the second messengers ___ and ___.

When bound to its specific CDK, one cyclin is apparently responsible for assembling metaphase chromosomes. The cyclin responsible for this assembly is likely Cyclin E, which peaks during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

Activation of a G protein in response to hormone binding requires binding of _____ to the _____ subunit.

ERK, JNK and p38

What is common to both the insulin receptor and JAK/STAT receptor?

Through its activation in preadipocytes, the JAK-STAT pathway has shown a link between

Ligand binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase causes _____ of the receptor which then _____ the next protein in the signaling pathway.

The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Proteins I

Proteins Iienzymes

Membranes and an Introduction to Signal Transduction

Carbohydrates I

The Common Catabolic Pathway

Carbohydrates II

Lipids I

Lipids II

Amine Metabolism

Metabolism Integration

Nucleotide Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

Rna Synthesis

Protein

Control of Gene

Determination of Macromolecular Structure

Allosterism and Receptor-Ligand

Designer Proteins and Protein Folding

Biomolecule Purification

Bioinformatics and Omics

Protein Trafficking

Photosynthesis Nitrogen

Filters

SOCS (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling) binds _ and __ it.

The target of phospholipase C is a(n) _ found in the _.

The action of phospholipase C produces the second messengers _ and _.

Activation of a G protein in response to hormone binding requires binding of _ to the _ subunit.

Ligand binding to a receptor tyrosine kinase causes _ of the receptor which then _ the next protein in the signaling pathway.