Question 1

An enzyme that is inhibited by many of the most widely used and effective cholesterol-lowering drugs is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipase a2 
B)  hormone-sensitive lipase 
C)  HMG CoA reductase 
D)  desaturase 
E)  glycerol kinase 
A)  phospholipase a2 
B)  hormone-sensitive lipase 
C)  HMG CoA reductase 
D)  desaturase 
E)  glycerol kinase C

Question 2

Ketone bodies are produced in the _____ and used by the _____ only under conditions such as a prolonged fast.

Accepted Answer

A)  liver; heart 
B)  liver; brain 
C)  liver; skeletal muscle 
D)  kidneys; heart 
E)  kidneys; brain 
A)  liver; heart 
B)  liver; brain 
C)  liver; skeletal muscle 
D)  kidneys; heart 
E)  kidneys; brain B

Question 3

_____ and _____ have the appropriate geometry to form lipid bilayers whereas _____ tends to form micelles. 
Dropdown 1: Fatty acids, waxes, glycerophospholipids
Dropdown 2: triacylglycerols, sphingolipids, isoprenoids
Dropdown 3: fatty acids, triacylglycerols, sphingolipids

Accepted Answer

glycerophospholipids , sphingolipids,fatty acids

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary building block for the synthesis of molecules such as cholesterol or ubiquinone?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphatidylcholine 
B)  palmitic acid 
C)  choline 
D)  isoprene 
E)  sphingosine 
A)  phosphatidylcholine 
B)  palmitic acid 
C)  choline 
D)  isoprene 
E)  sphingosine

Question 5

If a reaction that included all of the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis was supplied with excess ATP, NADPH, acetyl-CoA, and 14CO2 (where the carbon was a 14C-label), where would the labeled carbon appear in the finished fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  odd-numbered carbons 
B)  even-numbered carbons 
C)  every third carbon 
D)  every fifth carbon 
E)  no carbons would be labeled 
A)  odd-numbered carbons 
B)  even-numbered carbons 
C)  every third carbon 
D)  every fifth carbon 
E)  no carbons would be labeled

Question 6

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) contains a _____ prosthetic group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Acyl carrier protein (ACP) contains a _____...

Question 7

Considering the figure below, what compound would be formed by action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A)    
B)    
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 8

What transport system moves activated fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  triacylglycerol shuttle 
B)  glycerol phosphate shuttle 
C)  acyl adenylate shuttle 
D)  lipoprotein shuttle 
E)  carnitine shuttle 
A)  triacylglycerol shuttle 
B)  glycerol phosphate shuttle 
C)  acyl adenylate shuttle 
D)  lipoprotein shuttle 
E)  carnitine shuttle

Question 9

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase requires the coenzyme _____ as well as _____ as an energy source.

Accepted Answer

A)  FADH2; acyl-CoA hydrolysis 
B)  NADPH; GTP 
C)  biotin; ATP 
D)  coenzyme A; GTP 
E)  thiamine pyrophosphate; acyl-CoA hydrolysis 
A)  FADH2; acyl-CoA hydrolysis 
B)  NADPH; GTP 
C)  biotin; ATP 
D)  coenzyme A; GTP 
E)  thiamine pyrophosphate; acyl-CoA hydrolysis

Question 10

The conversion of 3-hydroxybutyrate to two molecules of acetyl-CoA produces 1 NADH and consumes 1 equivalent of ATP. What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 
B)  11.5 
C)  13.5 
D)  21.5 
E)  23.5 
A)  1.5 
B)  11.5 
C)  13.5 
D)  21.5 
E)  23.5

Question 11

What are the characteristics of most unsaturated fatty acids found within a human cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  protonated carboxylic acid and trans double bonds 
B)  deprotonated carboxylic acid and trans double bonds 
C)  protonated carboxylic acid and cis double bonds 
D)  deprotonated carboxylic acid and cis double bonds 
E)  none of the above 
A)  protonated carboxylic acid and trans double bonds 
B)  deprotonated carboxylic acid and trans double bonds 
C)  protonated carboxylic acid and cis double bonds 
D)  deprotonated carboxylic acid and cis double bonds 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Free fatty acids bind to _____ for circulation in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Free fatty acids bind to _____ for...

Question 13

The myelin sheath contains high levels of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The myelin sheath contains high levels of...

Question 14

How many ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of palmitoleic acid, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid, considering that the fatty acid must first be activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  26.5 
B)  96.5 
C)  104.5 
D)  106.5 
E)  none of the above 
A)  26.5 
B)  96.5 
C)  104.5 
D)  106.5 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

What are the $\beta$-oxidation products of stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 NADH, 9 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
B)  9 NADH, 8 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
C)  8 NADH, 9 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
D)  8 NADH, 8 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
E)  8 NADH, 7 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
A)  9 NADH, 9 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
B)  9 NADH, 8 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
C)  8 NADH, 9 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
D)  8 NADH, 8 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA 
E)  8 NADH, 7 FADH2, 9 acetyl-CoA

Question 16

Which of the following terms describes all glycerophospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A)  zwitterionic 
B)  amphipathic 
C)  nonpolar 
D)  amphoteric 
E)  none of the above 
A)  zwitterionic 
B)  amphipathic 
C)  nonpolar 
D)  amphoteric 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

The _____ are a class of amphipathic molecules that constitute the major lipid components of the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

glyceropho

Question 18

The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate are...

Question 19

Fatty acid oxidation occurs in the _____; fatty acid synthesis occurs in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria; cytosol 
B)  mitochondria; lysosome 
C)  lysosome; Golgi apparatus 
D)  cytosol; Golgi apparatus 
E)  mitochondria; endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  mitochondria; cytosol 
B)  mitochondria; lysosome 
C)  lysosome; Golgi apparatus 
D)  cytosol; Golgi apparatus 
E)  mitochondria; endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Fatty acid synthesis requires both acetyl-CoA and _____ as initiator molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fatty acid synthesis requires both acetyl-CoA and...

Exam 9: Lipids I

An enzyme that is inhibited by many of the most widely used and effective cholesterol-lowering drugs is _____.

Ketone bodies are produced in the _____ and used by the _____ only under conditions such as a prolonged fast.

_____ and _____ have the appropriate geometry to form lipid bilayers whereas _____ tends to form micelles. Dropdown 1: Fatty acids, waxes, glycerophospholipids Dropdown 2: triacylglycerols, sphingolipids, isoprenoids Dropdown 3: fatty acids, triacylglycerols, sphingolipids

Which of the following is the primary building block for the synthesis of molecules such as cholesterol or ubiquinone?

If a reaction that included all of the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis was supplied with excess ATP, NADPH, acetyl-CoA, and 14CO2 (where the carbon was a 14C-label), where would the labeled carbon appear in the finished fatty acid?

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) contains a _____ prosthetic group.

Considering the figure below, what compound would be formed by action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase?

What transport system moves activated fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix?

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase requires the coenzyme _____ as well as _____ as an energy source.

The conversion of 3-hydroxybutyrate to two molecules of acetyl-CoA produces 1 NADH and consumes 1 equivalent of ATP. What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate?

What are the characteristics of most unsaturated fatty acids found within a human cell?

Free fatty acids bind to _____ for circulation in the bloodstream.

The myelin sheath contains high levels of _____.

How many ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of palmitoleic acid, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid, considering that the fatty acid must first be activated?

What are the β\betaβ -oxidation products of stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons?

Which of the following terms describes all glycerophospholipid?

The _____ are a class of amphipathic molecules that constitute the major lipid components of the cell membrane.

The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d- β\betaβ -hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed _____.

Fatty acid oxidation occurs in the _____; fatty acid synthesis occurs in the _____.

Fatty acid synthesis requires both acetyl-CoA and _____ as initiator molecules.

The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Proteins I

Proteins Iienzymes

Membranes and an Introduction to Signal Transduction

Carbohydrates I

The Common Catabolic Pathway

Carbohydrates II

Lipids II

Amine Metabolism

Metabolism Integration

Nucleotide Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

Rna Synthesis

Protein

Control of Gene

Determination of Macromolecular Structure

Allosterism and Receptor-Ligand

Designer Proteins and Protein Folding

Biomolecule Purification

Bioinformatics and Omics

Signal

Protein Trafficking

Photosynthesis Nitrogen

Filters

Ketone bodies are produced in the _ and used by the _ only under conditions such as a prolonged fast.

___ and _ have the appropriate geometry to form lipid bilayers whereas ___ tends to form micelles. Dropdown 1: Fatty acids, waxes, glycerophospholipids Dropdown 2: triacylglycerols, sphingolipids, isoprenoids Dropdown 3: fatty acids, triacylglycerols, sphingolipids

If a reaction that included all of the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis was supplied with excess ATP, NADPH, acetyl-CoA, and ¹⁴CO₂ (where the carbon was a 14C-label), where would the labeled carbon appear in the finished fatty acid?

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase requires the coenzyme _ as well as _ as an energy source.

What are the $\beta$ -oxidation products of stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbons?

The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d- $\beta$ -hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed _____.

Fatty acid oxidation occurs in the _; fatty acid synthesis occurs in the _.