Question 1

All molecular motors travel along ___ elements.

Accepted Answer

cytoskeletal

Question 2

In addition to assisting with proper vesicle coating, ___ are also important to ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  GEFs; cell signaling 
B)  Rabs; motor proteins 
C)  GEFs; translation 
D)  Both A and B are correct 
E)  All of the above are correct 
A)  GEFs; cell signaling 
B)  Rabs; motor proteins 
C)  GEFs; translation 
D)  Both A and B are correct 
E)  All of the above are correct E

Question 3

The outer layer of the protein coat surrounding anterograde vesicles is composed of ___, which helps make up ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sec 13-31 proteins; COPI 
B)  Sec 13-31 proteins; COPII 
C)  Sec 23-24 proteins; COPII 
D)  Sec 23-24 proteins; COPI 
E)  Sec 23-24 proteins; clathrin 
A)  Sec 13-31 proteins; COPI 
B)  Sec 13-31 proteins; COPII 
C)  Sec 23-24 proteins; COPII 
D)  Sec 23-24 proteins; COPI 
E)  Sec 23-24 proteins; clathrin B

Question 4

The zippering hypothesis describes v-SNARE and t-SNARE interactions as forming

Accepted Answer

A)  layered sheets 
B)  coiled coils 
C)  7-helix transmembrane domains 
D)  GTP-ase conformational shifts 
E)  lipid-lipid interactions 
A)  layered sheets 
B)  coiled coils 
C)  7-helix transmembrane domains 
D)  GTP-ase conformational shifts 
E)  lipid-lipid interactions

Question 5

Signal sequences that direct proteins to their proper cellular locations are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  one monosaccharide 
B)  polysaccharides 
C)  one unusual amino acid 
D)  short peptides 
E)  a phospholipid 
A)  one monosaccharide 
B)  polysaccharides 
C)  one unusual amino acid 
D)  short peptides 
E)  a phospholipid

Question 6

Vesicular fusion occurs with the interaction of two classes of ___ proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vesicular fusion occurs with the interaction of...

Question 7

Rigor mortis upon death is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  depleted calcium availability, so actin is "frozen" away from myosin 
B)  calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum floods the cell, causing a massive contraction event 
C)  actin polymers break down quickly with cell death, "freezing" the cell in place 
D)  depleted ATP keeps the ADP-myosin-actin complex "frozen" in its contractile state 
E)  depleted ATP keeps the myosin from interacting with actin, "freezing" the cell in place 
A)  depleted calcium availability, so actin is "frozen" away from myosin 
B)  calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum floods the cell, causing a massive contraction event 
C)  actin polymers break down quickly with cell death, "freezing" the cell in place 
D)  depleted ATP keeps the ADP-myosin-actin complex "frozen" in its contractile state 
E)  depleted ATP keeps the myosin from interacting with actin, "freezing" the cell in place

Question 8

Kinesins differ from myosin V in that

Accepted Answer

A)  they move toward the growing end of the cytoskeletal element 
B)  they interact with tubulins that make up microtubules 
C)  they have a globular head domain 
D)  they are considered an ATPase molecular motor 
E)  they carry cargo 
A)  they move toward the growing end of the cytoskeletal element 
B)  they interact with tubulins that make up microtubules 
C)  they have a globular head domain 
D)  they are considered an ATPase molecular motor 
E)  they carry cargo

Question 9

Vesicles containing newly translated DNA polymerase would travel by ___ transport after leaving the Golgi.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vesicles containing newly translated DNA polymerase would...

Question 10

The coiled-coil domain that facilitates vesicular fusion in neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  involves four helices 
B)  is found parallel to the plane of the plasma membrane 
C)  has a core similar to a leucine zipper 
D)  seems to involve glutamine and arginine interactions 
E)  All of the above 
A)  involves four helices 
B)  is found parallel to the plane of the plasma membrane 
C)  has a core similar to a leucine zipper 
D)  seems to involve glutamine and arginine interactions 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

Calcium plays an important role in release of neurotransmitters. Calcium

Accepted Answer

A)  is released from ER stores when the neuronal axon is depolarized 
B)  must bind the axon cytoskeleton to assist movement of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles toward the axon synapse 
C)  enters the axon through ligand-gated channels when extracellular neurotransmitters are available 
D)  enters the axon through voltage-gated channels when the axon is depolarized 
E)  None of the above is correct 
A)  is released from ER stores when the neuronal axon is depolarized 
B)  must bind the axon cytoskeleton to assist movement of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles toward the axon synapse 
C)  enters the axon through ligand-gated channels when extracellular neurotransmitters are available 
D)  enters the axon through voltage-gated channels when the axon is depolarized 
E)  None of the above is correct

Question 12

Proteins destined to remain within the ER membrane are secured to the membrane via

Accepted Answer

A)  their polysaccharide moieties 
B)  a transmembrane helix within their structure 
C)  a phospholipid in the lumen-side leaflet 
D)  a cholesterol embedded in the cytosolic-side leaflet 
E)  their entire structure 
A)  their polysaccharide moieties 
B)  a transmembrane helix within their structure 
C)  a phospholipid in the lumen-side leaflet 
D)  a cholesterol embedded in the cytosolic-side leaflet 
E)  their entire structure

Question 13

Vesicles trafficked among the trans Golgi, plasma membrane and endosomal compartments are commonly surrounded by

Accepted Answer

A)  COPI 
B)  COPII 
C)  clathrin 
D)  ER membrane 
E)  None of the above is correct 
A)  COPI 
B)  COPII 
C)  clathrin 
D)  ER membrane 
E)  None of the above is correct

Question 14

Apparently calcium plays a role in myosin V activity due to the presence of ___ within the myosin structure

Accepted Answer

A)  the myosin head group 
B)  calmodulin 
C)  troponin 
D)  tropomyosin 
E)  globular actin subunits 
A)  the myosin head group 
B)  calmodulin 
C)  troponin 
D)  tropomyosin 
E)  globular actin subunits

Question 15

Myosins are associated with the protein ___, while dyneins are associated with the protein ___ as they move through the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Myosins are associated with the protein ___,...

Question 16

SNAREs can be anchored to the plasma membrane via a single transmembrane helix. If this is the case, the transmembrane helix anchors the protein through both membrane leaflets.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sentences are true 
B)  Both sentences are false 
C)  The first sentence is true and the second sentence is false 
D)  The first sentence is false and the second sentence is true 
A)  Both sentences are true 
B)  Both sentences are false 
C)  The first sentence is true and the second sentence is false 
D)  The first sentence is false and the second sentence is true

Question 17

Bacteria and some ciliated cells use ___ to generate motion.

Accepted Answer

A)  actin and myosin II 
B)  actin and myosin V 
C)  F0/F1 ATPase 
D)  dynein 
E)  kinesins 
A)  actin and myosin II 
B)  actin and myosin V 
C)  F0/F1 ATPase 
D)  dynein 
E)  kinesins

Question 18

Kinesin light chains
I. associate with the tails of the kinesin heavy chains
II. may associate with other proteins such as Rabs
III. associate with each other
IV. seem to act as adaptors between cargo and heavy chains

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II 
B)  I, II and III 
C)  III only 
D)  I, II, and IV 
E)  I, II, III and IV 
A)  I and II 
B)  I, II and III 
C)  III only 
D)  I, II, and IV 
E)  I, II, III and IV

Question 19

In the neuron, calcium

Accepted Answer

A)  binds the C2 domains of synaptogmin 
B)  is necessary to signal zippering of synaptobrevin to syntaxin and SNAP-25 
C)  binds to the core SNARE complex to activate bilayer fusion 
D)  assists the vesicle approaching the plasma membrane by revealing actin binding sites 
E)  Both A and B 
A)  binds the C2 domains of synaptogmin 
B)  is necessary to signal zippering of synaptobrevin to syntaxin and SNAP-25 
C)  binds to the core SNARE complex to activate bilayer fusion 
D)  assists the vesicle approaching the plasma membrane by revealing actin binding sites 
E)  Both A and B

Question 20

Signal sequences have been found for proteins destined for the
I. mitochondrial matrix
II. chloroplast outer membrane
III. peroxisome
IV. Golgi membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II and IV 
C)  III 
D)  I, II and III 
E)  II, III and IV 
A)  I only 
B)  II and IV 
C)  III 
D)  I, II and III 
E)  II, III and IV

Exam 24: Protein Trafficking

All molecular motors travel along ___ elements.

In addition to assisting with proper vesicle coating, ___ are also important to ___.

The outer layer of the protein coat surrounding anterograde vesicles is composed of ___, which helps make up ___.

The zippering hypothesis describes v-SNARE and t-SNARE interactions as forming

Signal sequences that direct proteins to their proper cellular locations are made up of

Vesicular fusion occurs with the interaction of two classes of ___ proteins.

Rigor mortis upon death is due to

Kinesins differ from myosin V in that

Vesicles containing newly translated DNA polymerase would travel by ___ transport after leaving the Golgi.

The coiled-coil domain that facilitates vesicular fusion in neurons

Calcium plays an important role in release of neurotransmitters. Calcium

Proteins destined to remain within the ER membrane are secured to the membrane via

Vesicles trafficked among the trans Golgi, plasma membrane and endosomal compartments are commonly surrounded by

Apparently calcium plays a role in myosin V activity due to the presence of ___ within the myosin structure

Myosins are associated with the protein ___, while dyneins are associated with the protein ___ as they move through the cell.

SNAREs can be anchored to the plasma membrane via a single transmembrane helix. If this is the case, the transmembrane helix anchors the protein through both membrane leaflets.

Bacteria and some ciliated cells use ___ to generate motion.

Kinesin light chains I. associate with the tails of the kinesin heavy chains II. may associate with other proteins such as Rabs III. associate with each other IV. seem to act as adaptors between cargo and heavy chains

In the neuron, calcium

Signal sequences have been found for proteins destined for the I. mitochondrial matrix II. chloroplast outer membrane III. peroxisome IV. Golgi membrane

The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry

Nucleic Acids

Proteins I

Proteins Iienzymes

Membranes and an Introduction to Signal Transduction

Carbohydrates I

The Common Catabolic Pathway

Carbohydrates II

Lipids I

Lipids II

Amine Metabolism

Metabolism Integration

Nucleotide Deoxynucleotide Metabolism

Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

Rna Synthesis

Protein

Control of Gene

Determination of Macromolecular Structure

Allosterism and Receptor-Ligand

Designer Proteins and Protein Folding

Biomolecule Purification

Bioinformatics and Omics

Signal

Photosynthesis Nitrogen

Filters

In addition to assisting with proper vesicle coating, _ are also important to _.

The outer layer of the protein coat surrounding anterograde vesicles is composed of _, which helps make up _.

Myosins are associated with the protein _, while dyneins are associated with the protein _ as they move through the cell.