Question 1

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary hypertension 
B)  Chronic renal failure 
C)  Acute renal failure 
D)  Increased renin and aldosterone secretions 
A)  Secondary hypertension 
B)  Chronic renal failure 
C)  Acute renal failure 
D)  Increased renin and aldosterone secretions

Question 2

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct exposure to carcinogens 
B)  Hormonal imbalance 
C)  Repeated infections 
D)  A genetic defect 
A)  Direct exposure to carcinogens 
B)  Hormonal imbalance 
C)  Repeated infections 
D)  A genetic defect

Question 3

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine. 
B)  painful micturition. 
C)  urgency and frequency. 
D)  urinary casts and flank pain. 
A)  microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine. 
B)  painful micturition. 
C)  urgency and frequency. 
D)  urinary casts and flank pain.

Question 4

Which of the following is a significant indicator of renal insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine with pH of 5 
B)  Increased serum urea and creatinine 
C)  Urine with high specific gravity 
D)  Decreased blood pressure 
A)  Urine with pH of 5 
B)  Increased serum urea and creatinine 
C)  Urine with high specific gravity 
D)  Decreased blood pressure

Question 5

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the kidney is displaced from its normal position. 
B)  it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life. 
C)  the two functioning kidneys are fused together. 
D)  it is usually asymptomatic as one kidney provides adequate function. 
A)  the kidney is displaced from its normal position. 
B)  it is a genetic defect and asymptomatic until mid-life. 
C)  the two functioning kidneys are fused together. 
D)  it is usually asymptomatic as one kidney provides adequate function.

Question 6

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of tubule function 
B)  Increased blood pressure 
C)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  Increased GFR 
A)  Loss of tubule function 
B)  Increased blood pressure 
C)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  Increased GFR

Question 7

Which factor contributes to severe anemia in individuals with chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased erythropoietin secretion 
B)  Limited protein intake 
C)  Compensatory increase in bone marrow activity 
D)  Inability to absorb vitamin B12 and iron 
A)  Increased erythropoietin secretion 
B)  Limited protein intake 
C)  Compensatory increase in bone marrow activity 
D)  Inability to absorb vitamin B12 and iron

Question 8

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  Afferent arteriole 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  Afferent arteriole

Question 9

Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?

Accepted Answer

A)  The urine pH decreases. 
B)  Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
C)  Serum potassium levels are high. 
D)  Serum osmotic pressure increases. 
A)  The urine pH decreases. 
B)  Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
C)  Serum potassium levels are high. 
D)  Serum osmotic pressure increases.

Question 10

Why does metabolic acidosis develop with bilateral kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tubule exchanges are impaired. 
B)  GFR is increased. 
C)  Serum urea is increased. 
D)  More bicarbonate ion is produced. 
A)  Tubule exchanges are impaired. 
B)  GFR is increased. 
C)  Serum urea is increased. 
D)  More bicarbonate ion is produced.

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

Which of the following is a significant indicator of renal insufficiency?

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Which factor contributes to severe anemia in individuals with chronic renal failure?

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?

Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?

Why does metabolic acidosis develop with bilateral kidney disease?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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Exam 18: Urinary System Disorders

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

Which of the following is a significant indicator of renal insufficiency?

Agenesis is often not diagnosed because:

What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?

Which factor contributes to severe anemia in individuals with chronic renal failure?

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?

Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?

Why does metabolic acidosis develop with bilateral kidney disease?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters