Question 1

Unwanted photons or "noise" are reduced by using a:

Accepted Answer

A)  pulse height analyzer. 
B)  collimator. 
C)  Geiger counter. 
D)  scintillator. 
A)  pulse height analyzer. 
B)  collimator. 
C)  Geiger counter. 
D)  scintillator. A

Question 2

SPECT imaging produces images that:

Accepted Answer

A)  are similar to those done in CT. 
B)  will show only large lesions. 
C)  require increased amounts of radionuclides. 
D)  show only motion. 
A)  are similar to those done in CT. 
B)  will show only large lesions. 
C)  require increased amounts of radionuclides. 
D)  show only motion. A

Question 3

PET scanners have to be close to the source of positrons because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the positrons cannot travel very far. 
B)  the nuclides are so unstable. 
C)  of the examination radioactivity of the nuclides. 
D)  of the short half-lives of the nuclides. 
A)  the positrons cannot travel very far. 
B)  the nuclides are so unstable. 
C)  of the examination radioactivity of the nuclides. 
D)  of the short half-lives of the nuclides. D

Question 4

Naturally occurring radionuclides are not used for nuclear medicine imaging because:

Accepted Answer

A)  synthetic ones are cheaper. 
B)  there is a high patient dose from natural ones. 
C)  synthetic ones decay differently. 
D)  they are not strong emitters. 
A)  synthetic ones are cheaper. 
B)  there is a high patient dose from natural ones. 
C)  synthetic ones decay differently. 
D)  they are not strong emitters.

Question 5

One of the major benefits of fusion imaging with PET and CT is:

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuation coefficients are the same. 
B)  radiation dose is less. 
C)  metabolic and anatomic evaluation is easier. 
D)  the same detector can be used for both. 
A)  attenuation coefficients are the same. 
B)  radiation dose is less. 
C)  metabolic and anatomic evaluation is easier. 
D)  the same detector can be used for both.

Question 6

PET scanning is an examination that can visualize a patient's:

Accepted Answer

A)  physiology. 
B)  anatomy. 
C)  soft tissue. 
D)  bone detail. 
A)  physiology. 
B)  anatomy. 
C)  soft tissue. 
D)  bone detail.

Question 7

When a positron and an electron combine, the result is annihilation radiation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  two photons of 1.022 MeV. 
B)  two photons of 0.511 MeV. 
C)  two photons of 180 MeV. 
D)  multiple gamma photons. 
A)  two photons of 1.022 MeV. 
B)  two photons of 0.511 MeV. 
C)  two photons of 180 MeV. 
D)  multiple gamma photons.

Question 8

The most common device used to produce nuclides for PET scanning is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  high-frequency generator. 
B)  compact medical cyclotron. 
C)  linear accelerator. 
D)  pulse height analyzer. 
A)  high-frequency generator. 
B)  compact medical cyclotron. 
C)  linear accelerator. 
D)  pulse height analyzer.

Question 9

The most common radionuclide used in nuclear medicine is:

Accepted Answer

A)  technetium (99mTc). 
B)  iodine (123I). 
C)  thallium (201Tl). 
D)  xenon (133Xe). 
A)  technetium (99mTc). 
B)  iodine (123I). 
C)  thallium (201Tl). 
D)  xenon (133Xe).

Question 10

Scintillation detectors or gamma cameras use crystals that change:

Accepted Answer

A)  x-rays into electrons. 
B)  radioactive emissions into light photons. 
C)  radioactive emissions into electrons. 
D)  radioactive emissions into electrical pulses. 
A)  x-rays into electrons. 
B)  radioactive emissions into light photons. 
C)  radioactive emissions into electrons. 
D)  radioactive emissions into electrical pulses.

Question 11

Half-life (T $1 / 2$ ) is described as the time required for:

Accepted Answer

A)  half the nuclide to leave the body. 
B)  half the nuclide to disappear. 
C)  the nuclide to decay to half its original activity. 
D)  the original activity to increase by one half. 
A)  half the nuclide to leave the body. 
B)  half the nuclide to disappear. 
C)  the nuclide to decay to half its original activity. 
D)  the original activity to increase by one half.

Question 12

If only one photon is detected and no other photon is observed during the time window for an annihilation pair, then:

Accepted Answer

A)  the original event is discarded. 
B)  only the one photon is recorded. 
C)  the computer estimates the probable location. 
D)  the examination must be repeated in an hour. 
A)  the original event is discarded. 
B)  only the one photon is recorded. 
C)  the computer estimates the probable location. 
D)  the examination must be repeated in an hour.

Question 13

One desirable characteristic of a radiopharmaceutical is:

Accepted Answer

A)  long physical half-life in days. 
B)  millisecond effective half-life. 
C)  easily absorbed in surrounding tissues. 
D)  primary photon energy between 100 and 140 keV. 
A)  long physical half-life in days. 
B)  millisecond effective half-life. 
C)  easily absorbed in surrounding tissues. 
D)  primary photon energy between 100 and 140 keV.

Question 14

Positron-emitting radionuclides have a:
1)neutron-deficient nucleus.
2)proton-deficient nucleus.
3)similar size to electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  1 and 3 only 
C)  2 and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, and 3 
A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  1 and 3 only 
C)  2 and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, and 3

Question 15

An array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is located:

Accepted Answer

A)  in front of the crystal. 
B)  to the back of the crystal. 
C)  after the pulse height analyzer. 
D)  after the collimator. 
A)  in front of the crystal. 
B)  to the back of the crystal. 
C)  after the pulse height analyzer. 
D)  after the collimator.

Question 16

Collimators are used in nuclear medicine to:

Accepted Answer

A)  cone down the beam. 
B)  limit patient dose from the radiation. 
C)  maintain signal strength. 
D)  keep scattered rays from entering the camera. 
A)  cone down the beam. 
B)  limit patient dose from the radiation. 
C)  maintain signal strength. 
D)  keep scattered rays from entering the camera.

Question 17

The radiotracer for PET scanning is chosen for:

Accepted Answer

A)  studies that will show only anatomy. 
B)  its long half-life compared with nuclear medicine. 
C)  its similarity to naturally occurring biochemicals. 
D)  faster examination times. 
A)  studies that will show only anatomy. 
B)  its long half-life compared with nuclear medicine. 
C)  its similarity to naturally occurring biochemicals. 
D)  faster examination times.

Question 18

The crystal used in gamma cameras is made of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium iodide. 
B)  cesium-activated iodide. 
C)  thallium-activated sodium iodide. 
D)  lithium fluoride. 
A)  sodium iodide. 
B)  cesium-activated iodide. 
C)  thallium-activated sodium iodide. 
D)  lithium fluoride.

Exam 32: Nuclear Medicine

Unwanted photons or "noise" are reduced by using a:

SPECT imaging produces images that:

PET scanners have to be close to the source of positrons because:

Naturally occurring radionuclides are not used for nuclear medicine imaging because:

One of the major benefits of fusion imaging with PET and CT is:

PET scanning is an examination that can visualize a patient's:

When a positron and an electron combine, the result is annihilation radiation of:

The most common device used to produce nuclides for PET scanning is the:

The most common radionuclide used in nuclear medicine is:

Scintillation detectors or gamma cameras use crystals that change:

Half-life (T 1/21 / 21/2 ) is described as the time required for:

If only one photon is detected and no other photon is observed during the time window for an annihilation pair, then:

One desirable characteristic of a radiopharmaceutical is:

Positron-emitting radionuclides have a: 1)neutron-deficient nucleus. 2)proton-deficient nucleus. 3)similar size to electrons.

An array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is located:

Collimators are used in nuclear medicine to:

The radiotracer for PET scanning is chosen for:

The crystal used in gamma cameras is made of:

Preliminary Steps in Radiography

Compensating Filters

General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology

Upper Limb

Shoulder Girdle

Lower Limb

Pelvis and Upper Femora

Vertebral Column

Bony Thorax

Thoracic Viscera

Long Bone Measurement

Contrast Arthrography

Trauma Radiography

Mouth and Salivary Glands

Anterior Part of Neck

Abdomen

Digestive System: Alimentary Canal

Urinary System and Venipuncture

Reproductive System

Skull, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses

Mammography

Central Nervous System

Vascular, Cardiac, and Interventional Radiography

Pediatric Imaging

Geriatric Radiography

Mobile Radiography

Surgical Radiography

Sectional Anatomy for Radiographers

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Diagnostic Ultrasound

Bone Densitometry

Radiation Oncology

Filters

Half-life (T $1 / 2$ ) is described as the time required for: