Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

Hume argues that we come to expect that the future will resemble the past because of custom or habit.

As Longino points out, "one can't give an _______ specification of confirmation that effectively eliminates the role of value-laden assumptions in legitimate scientific inquiry without eliminating auxiliary hypotheses (assumptions) altogether."

For Astell, if the nature of the thing is such as that it admits of no undoubted premises to argue from, or at least we don't at present know of any, or that the conclusion does not necessarily follow as to give a perfect satisfaction to the mind and free it from all hesitation, that which we think of it is then called "fallacy."

Pollock suggests that rather than ask, "How is it possible to discover DNA, or find a cure for cancer?" the epistemologist has traditionally begun by asking, "How is knowledge possible at all?"

According to Locke, the mind learns by degrees and grows familiar with some ideas lodged in the memory, and the names attached to them. Afterwards, the mind abstracts them, and learns the use of general names. This process starts because our innate ideas act as building blocks for all subsequent knowledge.

MacDonald tells us, "there are procedures for determining whether any waking perception is veridical or illusory. One perception is checked or corrected by others." These procedures are constantly and deliberately employed when a perception is doubted. If I want to determine whether a rock is near me, then I can try to touch it in order to prove that the object is, or is not, real. From this discussion, MacDonald concludes that ...

What point is Koertge making when she discusses the social construction of dairy cows example?

Explain Locke's meaning when he says, "For words being but empty sounds, any further than they are signs of our ideas, we cannot but assent to them as they correspond to those ideas we have, but no further than that."

When the question of the Epistemologist's sanity arises, it turns out that, "According to the machine the best thing I can do is to cease to trust the machine."

How does Descartes conclude that "there exist no certain marks by which the state of waking can ever be distinguished from sleep"?

Define and give an example of "synthetic judgments."

According to Koertge, "Feminists are also quick to accuse their opponents of dualistic thinking, e.g. of trying to force the rich complexity of a sexual spectrum into the artificially tidy and mutually exclusive boxes of biological male vs. biological female."

Peirce tells us "that bad reasoning as well as good reasoning is possible; and this fact is the foundation of the belief in superstitions."

The main goal of Descartes in his Meditations is to …

Hume uses the term a priori to mean "resting on impressions."

For Socrates, the spontaneous recovery of knowledge is called "regeneration."

When Frank asks how the Epistemologist could have access to Frank's private mental states, the Epistemologist says that the concept of "private mental states is ..."

Peirce tells us "that bad reasoning as well as good reasoning is possible; and this fact is the foundation of the ..."

Zagzebski says, "My view is that getting to the truth through the reflective use of our faculties is __________________________ than getting to the truth through the unreflective use of our faculties."

Augustine's answer to the skeptics who say, "What if you are deceived?" is "Then knowledge is impossible."