Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

According to Astell, "Knowledge in a proper and restricted sense, and as appropriated to science, signifies that clear perception which is followed by a firm assent to conclusions rightly drawn from premises of which we have clear and distinct ideas."

Describe in detail Gettier's two cases in which the conditions are true for some proposition, though it is at the same time false that the person in question knows the proposition.

MacDonald's main point about the objects of illusory waking perception is that they are, in some sense, ...

Give some examples of how Aristotle distinguishes the faculties of sense from that of intellect?

Longino explains that ___________ statements contain, as fundamental descriptive terms, terms that do not occur in the description of data.

Gettier claims that, "First, in that sense of justified in which S's being justified in believing P is a necessary condition of S's knowing that P, it is possible for a person to be justified in believing a proposition that is in fact ..."

On the question of whether the soul contains innate principles or ideas, Leibniz agrees with Plato.

Descartes tells us that he can doubt that "I am in this place, seated by the fire, clothed in a winter dressing gown, that I hold in my hands this piece of paper," because …

What are some of Locke's arguments against "innate principles and ideas"?

Social construction or constructivist epistemology refer to those ...

What are some of Kant's arguments for his claim that pure mathematics consists of synthetic a priori judgments?

Zagzebski says, "When we reflect, we realize that we have no non-circular way to tell that our faculties have anything to do with the way the world is, so either we turn our pre-reflective trust into reflective trust, or we become skeptics."

According to Pollock, "Historically, philosophers have often motivated the study of simple epistemic tasks with the help of invalid arguments. These are initially compelling arguments that seem to show that even simple epistemic tasks are impossible."

For Leibniz, the question is to know whether the soul in itself is entirely empty, like a tablet on which nothing has yet been written, also known as homunculus.

The Epistemologist claims to have constructed a brain-reading machine that is capable of scanning every nerve cell in your brain; he calls it a ...

Hume says that we can divide all the perceptions of the mind into two classes or species: ideas and impressions.

Explain what Koertge means when she claims that "Feminists are also quick to accuse their opponents of dualistic thinking, e.g. of trying to force the rich complexity of a sexual spectrum into the artificially tidy and mutually exclusive boxes of biological male vs. biological female."e.g. of trying to force the rich complexity of a sexual spectrum into the artificially tidy and mutually exclusive boxes of biological male vs. biological female."

Descartes realizes that "if I desire to discover anything certain," then "I must discover the ultimate truths of mathematics and logic."

Hume tells us that "causes and effects are discoverable, not by ..."

Why does Peirce say that the sole object of inquiry is the settlement of opinion?