Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

The boss tells the narrator, "I'll bet you think we're going to operate on you and remove your brain just like we removed Harry's, don't you? But you have nothing to worry about. We're not going to remove your brain. ..."

Zagzebski tells us that, "a situation in which a person forms a true belief on the basis of simple perception or memory or testimony, and does so automatically, with no reflection," is called ...

Augustine says, "we perceive the things outside of us-colors by seeing, sounds by hearing, smells by smelling, tastes by tasting, hard and soft objects by touching-of all which sensible objects it is the actual objects which we perceive perfectly."

What is Augustine's reply to the arguments of the Academicians [skeptics], who say, "What if you are deceived?" Do you agree with Augustine's reply? Explain your answer.

Give some examples of Hume's distinction between relations of ideas and matters of fact.

Explain why Longino advocates a research program in neuroscience and psychology proceeding on the assumption that humans do possess the capacities for self-consciousness, self-reflection, and self-determination.

In the tale that is being told, Harry is ...

Describe some of the differences between dreams and waking illusions that MacDonald develops in the reading.

Kant describes synthetic judgments as those "in which the connection of the predicate with the subject is cogitated with identity.

Explain the basic tenets of "value-free science."

Pollock says, "The skeptic is not just questioning our beliefs. He is also questioning the _______________ by which we arrive at our beliefs, and if we start all over again we will still be employing the same _______________."

Gettier outlines the general form of the conditions for someone knowing a given proposition as the following: S knows that P, if and only if (1) P is true, (2) S believes that P, and (3) ...

Koertge tells us that when scientists typically structure their search by working within a metaphysical or theoretical framework that has proved fruitful in the past, utilizing a variety of heuristic principles, which they believe will lead them to the most plausible candidates to a solution to their problems, they are working within a normative and ethical program.

For Leibniz, the senses give us particular or individual truths.

Longino explains that theoretical statements contain, as fundamental descriptive terms, terms that do not occur in the description of data.

Hume says, "all arguments concerning existence are founded on the relation of cause and effect; that our knowledge of that relation is derived entirely from experience; and that all our experimental conclusions proceed upon the supposition that the future will be conformable to the past. To endeavor, therefore, the proof of this last supposition by probable arguments, or arguments regarding existence, must be evidently going in a circle, and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question." How does Hume support this claim?

Social construction or constructivist epistemology refer to those laws of science that are immutable.

According to Astell, what are the distinguishing characteristics of opinion?

Why does MacDonald claim that "It makes sense to say, 'Banquo's ghost appeared at the banquet,' but it would be nonsense to say 'My dream of Westminster Abbey appeared between the window and the wardrobe'"? Do you agree with MacDonald? Explain your answer.

Explain what Zagzebski means when she says, "I propose that knowledge is the epistemically conscientious attainment of truth."