Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

Aristotle says, "The mind, since it thinks all things, must be unlike anything it can know; hence it can have no nature of its own, other than that of having a certain formality."

According to Zagzebski, "a conscientious person has general epistemic self-trust. The phenomenon of epistemic circularity means that either a reflective person must have self-trust or succumb to dialectical materialism."

When the narrator is discovered, he is astonished to realize that the boss of the operation was his secretary.

MacDonald argues that "The contents of dreams do not appear in a context of real objects, for there are none." While it makes sense to say "I dreamed that I was riding an elephant," it would be nonsense to say "I dreamed of the same thing three nights in a row."

Koertge argues that the "sociological turn" in epistemology is a cause for worry because "it is embedded into a ranging systematic attempt to change the way science is done."

According to Astell, "If the medium we make use of to prove the proposition is ________, then the conclusion which we draw from it is said to be believed."

Kant defines "knowledge a posteriori" as being possible only through experience.

Descartes tells us that he can doubt that "I am in this place, seated by the fire, clothed in a winter dressing gown, that I hold in my hands this piece of paper," because "I perceive so clearly that there exist no certain marks by which the state of waking can ever be distinguished from sleep."

Describe Socrates's questioning process as he leads the boy to the solution of the geometrical problem.

For Peirce, if a person goes through life "systematically keeping out of view all that might cause a change in his opinions" uses the method of fixing belief called the ...

Socrates asks, "What do you say of him [the boy], Meno? Were not all these answers given out of his own head?" Meno's reply is ...

Kant argues that pure mathematics consists of ...

Hume says, "all arguments concerning existence are founded on the relation of cause and effect; that our knowledge of that relation is derived entirely from experience; and that all our experimental conclusions proceed upon the supposition that the future will be conformable to the past." However, Hume argues that the proof of this last supposition by probable arguments, or arguments regarding existence, must be ...

For Hume, "the effect is totally different from the cause, and consequently certainty in knowledge is impossible."

How does MacDonald support the claim that the objects of illusory waking perception are, in some sense, located among the real objects which form their context? Do you agree with MacDonald's claim? Explain your answer.

"Innate principles or ideas" means primary notions stamped upon the mind of man, which the soul receives in its very first being, and brings into the world with it.

Pollock says, "Every argument must proceed from some premises, and if the skeptic calls all relevant premises into doubt at the same time then there is no way to reason with him." What is Pollock's answer to the skeptics?

For Astell, most of our knowledge is acquired by ...

Koertge wants to argue against the claim that "science not only is, but should be, guided solely by objective research."

How does Koertge characterize the "sociological turn" in epistemology? Do you agree with her point? Why or why not?