Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

Gettier analyzes various attempts that have been made in recent years to state which of the following conditions for someone knowing a given proposition?

When the boy asserts that a line of four feet will produce a figure of eight square feet, Socrates points out that the boy ...

The idea that scientific methodology guarantees the independence of scientific inquiry from values of value-related considerations is called ...

Longino claims that "that constitutive values conceived as epistemological (i.e., truth-seeking) are not adequate to screen out the influence of contextual values in the very structuring of pre-scientific conjectures."

Hume says, "all arguments concerning existence are founded on the relation of cause and effect; that our knowledge of that relation is derived entirely from experience; and that all our experimental conclusions proceed upon the supposition that the future will be conformable to the past." However, Hume argues that the proof of this last supposition by probable arguments, or arguments regarding existence, must be going in a circle.

Leibniz says, "It is true that even reason counsels us to expect ordinarily to see that happen in the future which is conformed to a long past experience, ..."

When the boy asserts that a line of four feet will produce a figure of eight square feet, Socrates points out that the boy sees the correct answer in a dream-like state.

Explain how Gettier arrives at the conclusion that, "First, in that sense of justified in which S's being justified in believing P is a necessary condition of S's knowing that P, it is possible for a person to be justified in believing a proposition that is in fact false."

MacDonald considers the question, "But may not the colors of all objects be distorted by wearing, e.g., brown spectacles?" MacDonald's response is that although it is true, nevertheless, vision is entirely different from the other four senses.

When Frank asks. "Let me get this clear; did you mean that I was wrong that this book is red, or that I was wrong that it seems red to me?" The Epistemologist answers that Frank ...

Explain Locke's meaning when he says, "But if propositions are brought to him in words which stand for ideas he has not yet in his mind, to such propositions, however evidently true or false in themselves, he affords neither assent nor dissent, but is ignorant."

According to Astell, science demonstrates things that are seen, while faith is the evidence of such as are not seen.

Do you think that it is possible that you are just a brain in a vat? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Describe the scene where Harry is abducted.

Pollock says that a typical example of a skeptical problem is when we are asked, "But if you cannot be sure you are not a brain in a vat, how can you ..."

For Aristotle, a mind is ...

What are some of Longino's criticisms of "value-free science"?

According to Pollock, historically, what was the role of skeptical arguments?

According to Astell, what are the distinguishing characteristics of understanding as given through science?

The boss tells the narrator that Harry thinks he is shaving right now and getting ready to go to the office and stick it to another neurosurgeon. But actually, he's under the influence of a psychotropic drug.