Question 1

The chromatin that is decondensed and contains most of the active genes is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chromatin that is decondensed and contains...

Question 2

What is the difference between telomerase in cancer cells and telomerase in normal somatic cells of an adult, and what is the significance of that difference?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells contain high levels of telo

Question 3

A pseudogene is a

Accepted Answer

A)  second copy of a gene that functions when the original copy becomes damaged. 
B)  gene that is unrelated in sequence to another gene but has the same function. 
C)  gene that arose through gene duplication, but after acquiring mutations became nonfunctional. 
D)  gene that evolved by gene duplication and the acquisition of mutations to yield a gene product that has a slightly different function from that of the original gene product. 
A)  second copy of a gene that functions when the original copy becomes damaged. 
B)  gene that is unrelated in sequence to another gene but has the same function. 
C)  gene that arose through gene duplication, but after acquiring mutations became nonfunctional. 
D)  gene that evolved by gene duplication and the acquisition of mutations to yield a gene product that has a slightly different function from that of the original gene product.

Question 4

Histone genes have

Accepted Answer

A)  a single long intron. 
B)  no introns. 
C)  larger introns than exons. 
D)  larger exons than introns. 
A)  a single long intron. 
B)  no introns. 
C)  larger introns than exons. 
D)  larger exons than introns.

Question 5

How many possible mRNAs could be derived from a gene with three exons (exon 1, exon 2, and exon 3)?

Accepted Answer

Three mRNAs could be

Question 6

In the nucleus, introns are removed from transcripts by

Accepted Answer

A)  restriction nucleases. 
B)  splicing. 
C)  exonucleases. 
D)  endonucleases. 
A)  restriction nucleases. 
B)  splicing. 
C)  exonucleases. 
D)  endonucleases.

Question 7

Briefly describe two molecular mechanisms that give rise to gene duplication.

Accepted Answer

One is the duplication of a segment of D

Question 8

In dogs, the Fgf4 gene encodes a protein that regulates bone growth, and in its normal chromosomal location, Fgf4 yields dogs with long legs. Which statement best explains the mechanism leading to a short-legged phenotype in dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  During retrotransposition, the Fgf4 gene loses two exons, resulting in a shorter mRNA. 
B)  A LINE is retrotransposed into the third exon of the Fgf4 gene, leading to a less functional protein that regulates bone growth. 
C)  The Fgf4 gene is retrotransposed into the middle of a LINE that contains mutated regulatory sequences that give abnormal expression of Fgf4. 
D)  During reverse transcription of the Fgf4 mRNA, an intron is included that inhibits expression of the Fgf4 gene. 
A)  During retrotransposition, the Fgf4 gene loses two exons, resulting in a shorter mRNA. 
B)  A LINE is retrotransposed into the third exon of the Fgf4 gene, leading to a less functional protein that regulates bone growth. 
C)  The Fgf4 gene is retrotransposed into the middle of a LINE that contains mutated regulatory sequences that give abnormal expression of Fgf4. 
D)  During reverse transcription of the Fgf4 mRNA, an intron is included that inhibits expression of the Fgf4 gene.

Question 9

A gene family is a

Accepted Answer

A)  set of related but slightly different genes present in one individual. 
B)  family of individuals with the same gene. 
C)  set of slightly different genes present as one copy each in a set of individuals. 
D)  family of individuals in which each has an identical sequence of the same gene. 
A)  set of related but slightly different genes present in one individual. 
B)  family of individuals with the same gene. 
C)  set of slightly different genes present as one copy each in a set of individuals. 
D)  family of individuals in which each has an identical sequence of the same gene.

Question 10

What was the very important outcome of the ENCODE Project?

Accepted Answer

Prior to ENCODE, it was thought that the

Question 11

Arabidopsis, and many other plants, have more protein coding genes than humans. What molecular mechanism is likely responsible for an organism so much less complex than humans having so many protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

Gene duplication. For reasons unknown, p

Question 12

The chromatin that is highly condensed and contains mostly inactive genes is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chromatin that is highly condensed and...

Question 13

The protein complex that protects the ends of chromosomes is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The protein complex that protects the ends...

Question 14

The chromosomes of prokaryotes differ from those of eukaryotes in that prokaryotic chromosomes are

Accepted Answer

A)  linear. 
B)  multiple. 
C)  complexed with histones. 
D)  circular. 
A)  linear. 
B)  multiple. 
C)  complexed with histones. 
D)  circular.

Question 15

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane reform?

Accepted Answer

A)  Telophase 
B)  Metaphase 
C)  Anaphase 
D)  Prophase 
A)  Telophase 
B)  Metaphase 
C)  Anaphase 
D)  Prophase

Question 16

Which statement about exons is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  An exon may contain a 5ʹ untranslated region. 
B)  An exon may contain sequences for small nucleolar RNAs. 
C)  An exon may contain a 3ʹ untranslated region. 
D)  Exons are separated by introns. 
A)  An exon may contain a 5ʹ untranslated region. 
B)  An exon may contain sequences for small nucleolar RNAs. 
C)  An exon may contain a 3ʹ untranslated region. 
D)  Exons are separated by introns.

Question 17

The transfer of information from parent to progeny that is not based on DNA sequences is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetic inheritance. 
B)  non-Mendelian genetics. 
C)  sex-linked inheritance. 
D)  Mendelian genetics. 
A)  epigenetic inheritance. 
B)  non-Mendelian genetics. 
C)  sex-linked inheritance. 
D)  Mendelian genetics.

Question 18

Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of miRNAs in blocking expression of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single-stranded miRNA, in association with the RISC complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 3ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
B)  The miRNA duplex, in association with the RISC complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 3ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
C)  Single-stranded miRNA, in association with the RISC complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 5ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
D)  Single-stranded miRNA, in association with the Drosha and Dicer complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 3ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
A)  Single-stranded miRNA, in association with the RISC complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 3ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
B)  The miRNA duplex, in association with the RISC complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 3ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
C)  Single-stranded miRNA, in association with the RISC complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 5ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA. 
D)  Single-stranded miRNA, in association with the Drosha and Dicer complex, binds to the complementary sequence in the 3ʹ UTR of mRNAs, blocking translation and inducing degradation of the mRNA.

Question 19

Introns are found

Accepted Answer

A)  commonly in eukaryotic genes and rarely in prokaryotic genes. 
B)  only in eukaryotic genes. 
C)  commonly in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes. 
D)  only in prokaryotic genes. 
A)  commonly in eukaryotic genes and rarely in prokaryotic genes. 
B)  only in eukaryotic genes. 
C)  commonly in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes. 
D)  only in prokaryotic genes.

Question 20

Transposable elements have played a major role in stimulating gene rearrangements that have contributed to the generation of genetic diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The chromatin that is decondensed and contains most of the active genes is called _______.

What is the difference between telomerase in cancer cells and telomerase in normal somatic cells of an adult, and what is the significance of that difference?

A pseudogene is a

Histone genes have

How many possible mRNAs could be derived from a gene with three exons (exon 1, exon 2, and exon 3)?

In the nucleus, introns are removed from transcripts by

Briefly describe two molecular mechanisms that give rise to gene duplication.

In dogs, the Fgf4 gene encodes a protein that regulates bone growth, and in its normal chromosomal location, Fgf4 yields dogs with long legs. Which statement best explains the mechanism leading to a short-legged phenotype in dogs?

A gene family is a

What was the very important outcome of the ENCODE Project?

Arabidopsis, and many other plants, have more protein coding genes than humans. What molecular mechanism is likely responsible for an organism so much less complex than humans having so many protein-coding genes?

The chromatin that is highly condensed and contains mostly inactive genes is called _______.

The protein complex that protects the ends of chromosomes is _______.

The chromosomes of prokaryotes differ from those of eukaryotes in that prokaryotic chromosomes are

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane reform?

Which statement about exons is false?

The transfer of information from parent to progeny that is not based on DNA sequences is known as

Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of miRNAs in blocking expression of proteins?

Introns are found

Transposable elements have played a major role in stimulating gene rearrangements that have contributed to the generation of genetic diversity.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

Exam 6: Genes and Genomes

The chromatin that is decondensed and contains most of the active genes is called _______.

What is the difference between telomerase in cancer cells and telomerase in normal somatic cells of an adult, and what is the significance of that difference?

A pseudogene is a

Histone genes have

How many possible mRNAs could be derived from a gene with three exons (exon 1, exon 2, and exon 3)?

In the nucleus, introns are removed from transcripts by

Briefly describe two molecular mechanisms that give rise to gene duplication.

In dogs, the Fgf4 gene encodes a protein that regulates bone growth, and in its normal chromosomal location, Fgf4 yields dogs with long legs. Which statement best explains the mechanism leading to a short-legged phenotype in dogs?

A gene family is a

What was the very important outcome of the ENCODE Project?

Arabidopsis, and many other plants, have more protein coding genes than humans. What molecular mechanism is likely responsible for an organism so much less complex than humans having so many protein-coding genes?

The chromatin that is highly condensed and contains mostly inactive genes is called _______.

The protein complex that protects the ends of chromosomes is _______.

The chromosomes of prokaryotes differ from those of eukaryotes in that prokaryotic chromosomes are

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane reform?

Which statement about exons is false?

The transfer of information from parent to progeny that is not based on DNA sequences is known as

Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of miRNAs in blocking expression of proteins?

Introns are found

Transposable elements have played a major role in stimulating gene rearrangements that have contributed to the generation of genetic diversity.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters