Question 1

NF-$\kappa$B activates the gene for I$\kappa$B, which feeds back and inhibits NF-$\kappa$B activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

CREB is activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP binding in the nucleus. 
B)  phosphorylation by protein kinase A in the nucleus. 
C)  cAMP binding in the cytoplasm. 
D)  phosphorylation by protein kinase A in the cytoplasm. 
A)  cAMP binding in the nucleus. 
B)  phosphorylation by protein kinase A in the nucleus. 
C)  cAMP binding in the cytoplasm. 
D)  phosphorylation by protein kinase A in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Activated CREB protein

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylates protein phosphatase 1, leading to its activation. 
B)  binds to specific DNA sequences and influences transcription of genes involved in growth and development. 
C)  binds to ribosomal subunits and influences translation of proteins important in growth and development. 
D)  phosphorylates protein kinase A in the cytoplasm. 
A)  phosphorylates protein phosphatase 1, leading to its activation. 
B)  binds to specific DNA sequences and influences transcription of genes involved in growth and development. 
C)  binds to ribosomal subunits and influences translation of proteins important in growth and development. 
D)  phosphorylates protein kinase A in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

How would a mutation in the TGF-$\beta$ type I receptor that prevented it from being phosphorylated affect the cell?

Accepted Answer

Binding of TGF-@#LAT-DLM& to the TGF-@#LAT-DLM& receptor act

Question 5

Signaling by neurotransmitters is an example of _______ signaling.

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine 
B)  endocrine 
C)  paracrine 
D)  direct cell-to-cell 
A)  autocrine 
B)  endocrine 
C)  paracrine 
D)  direct cell-to-cell

Question 6

Which statement correctly describes how protein kinase A can activate genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to phosphorylate general transcription factors. 
B)  Cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate CREB. 
C)  Cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate general transcription factors. 
D)  Nuclear protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to phosphorylate CREB. 
A)  Nuclear protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to phosphorylate general transcription factors. 
B)  Cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate CREB. 
C)  Cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate general transcription factors. 
D)  Nuclear protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to phosphorylate CREB.

Question 7

Binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix stimulates the FAK protein-tyrosine kinase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Ras is a membrane-bound _______ when activated.

Accepted Answer

A)  small monomeric G protein that binds GTP 
B)  dimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$ and$\beta$subunits 
C)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$and $\beta$$\gamma$ subunits 
D)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$$\beta$ and $\gamma$ subunits 
A)  small monomeric G protein that binds GTP 
B)  dimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$ and$\beta$subunits 
C)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$and $\beta$$\gamma$ subunits 
D)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$$\beta$ and $\gamma$ subunits

Question 9

Binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix leads to integrin clustering and activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase

Accepted Answer

A)  CREB. 
B)  FAK. 
C)  PKA. 
D)  Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase. 
A)  CREB. 
B)  FAK. 
C)  PKA. 
D)  Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase.

Question 10

MAP kinase is an abbreviation for _______ protein kinase.

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubule-associated 
B)  mitogen-activated 
C)  mitosis-activating 
D)  mitosis-associated 
A)  microtubule-associated 
B)  mitogen-activated 
C)  mitosis-activating 
D)  mitosis-associated

Question 11

Nitric oxide is considered a paracrine signal molecule because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is slow to diffuse. 
B)  is produced in very small quantities. 
C)  is unstable, with a short half-life. 
D)  binds to cell surface receptors that are very plentiful. 
A)  is slow to diffuse. 
B)  is produced in very small quantities. 
C)  is unstable, with a short half-life. 
D)  binds to cell surface receptors that are very plentiful.

Question 12

In signaling pathways, the duration of a single activated pathway (for example, short versus long periods of time) often leads to completely different cellular responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is not a commonly observed consequence of the binding of a signaling molecule to its cell surface receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Receptor dimerization 
B)  Receptor phosphorylation 
C)  Conformational changes in the receptor 
D)  Increased synthesis of the receptor 
A)  Receptor dimerization 
B)  Receptor phosphorylation 
C)  Conformational changes in the receptor 
D)  Increased synthesis of the receptor

Question 14

The G protein that activates adenylyl cyclase is a

Accepted Answer

A)  monomeric G protein in the Ras family that binds GTP. 
B)  dimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$ and $\beta$subunits. 
C)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$ and $\beta$$\gamma$subunits. 
D)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$(\beta\)0 and $\gamma$ subunits. 
A)  monomeric G protein in the Ras family that binds GTP. 
B)  dimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$ and $\beta$subunits. 
C)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$ and $\beta$$\gamma$subunits. 
D)  heterotrimeric G protein that separates into $\alpha$(\beta\)0 and $\gamma$ subunits.

Question 15

The alpha subunit of the G protein that is associated with the epinephrine receptor, Gs,

Accepted Answer

A)  opens Ca2+ channels. 
B)  closes Na+ channels. 
C)  activates adenylate cyclase. 
D)  inhibits adenylate cyclase. 
A)  opens Ca2+ channels. 
B)  closes Na+ channels. 
C)  activates adenylate cyclase. 
D)  inhibits adenylate cyclase.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of endocrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine release by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction and binding to receptors on adjacent skeletal muscle cells 
B)  Antigen stimulation of T lymphocytes, leading to the stimulation and synthesis of a growth factor that drives their own proliferation 
C)  Insulin release by $\beta$cells in the pancreas, mediating an effect of glucose uptake by muscle cells 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Epinephrine release by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction and binding to receptors on adjacent skeletal muscle cells 
B)  Antigen stimulation of T lymphocytes, leading to the stimulation and synthesis of a growth factor that drives their own proliferation 
C)  Insulin release by $\beta$cells in the pancreas, mediating an effect of glucose uptake by muscle cells 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

Steroid hormones usually act via receptors that

Accepted Answer

A)  are coupled to G proteins that activate adenylyl cyclase. 
B)  activate tyrosine kinases. 
C)  bind to DNA. 
D)  activate phospholipase C. 
A)  are coupled to G proteins that activate adenylyl cyclase. 
B)  activate tyrosine kinases. 
C)  bind to DNA. 
D)  activate phospholipase C.

Question 18

As a cell biologist for a pharmaceutical company, you are charged with developing a drug to inhibit the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Briefly describe the cascade leading to CREB activation and where one might target a drug to block its activation.

Accepted Answer

In the presence of cAMP, the R subunit i

Question 19

What is the basis for the different responses of nerve cells versus heart muscle cells to acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

In nerve cells, the acetylcholine recept

Question 20

$\beta$-arrestin binds to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors, binding Raf, MEK, and ERK into the complex and linking the G protein-coupled signal pathway to the ERK signal pathway. This is an example of inhibitory crosstalk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

NF- $\kappa$ B activates the gene for I $\kappa$ B, which feeds back and inhibits NF- $\kappa$ B activity.

CREB is activated by

Activated CREB protein

How would a mutation in the TGF- $\beta$ type I receptor that prevented it from being phosphorylated affect the cell?

Signaling by neurotransmitters is an example of _______ signaling.

Which statement correctly describes how protein kinase A can activate genes?

Binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix stimulates the FAK protein-tyrosine kinase.

Ras is a membrane-bound _______ when activated.

Binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix leads to integrin clustering and activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase

MAP kinase is an abbreviation for _______ protein kinase.

Nitric oxide is considered a paracrine signal molecule because it

In signaling pathways, the duration of a single activated pathway (for example, short versus long periods of time) often leads to completely different cellular responses.

Which of the following is not a commonly observed consequence of the binding of a signaling molecule to its cell surface receptor?

The G protein that activates adenylyl cyclase is a

The alpha subunit of the G protein that is associated with the epinephrine receptor, G_s,

Which of the following is an example of endocrine signaling?

Steroid hormones usually act via receptors that

As a cell biologist for a pharmaceutical company, you are charged with developing a drug to inhibit the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Briefly describe the cascade leading to CREB activation and where one might target a drug to block its activation.

What is the basis for the different responses of nerve cells versus heart muscle cells to acetylcholine?

$\beta$ -arrestin binds to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors, binding Raf, MEK, and ERK into the complex and linking the G protein-coupled signal pathway to the ERK signal pathway. This is an example of inhibitory crosstalk.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

Exam 17: Cell Signaling

NF- κ\kappaκ B activates the gene for I κ\kappaκ B, which feeds back and inhibits NF- κ\kappaκ B activity.

CREB is activated by

Activated CREB protein

How would a mutation in the TGF- β\betaβ type I receptor that prevented it from being phosphorylated affect the cell?

Signaling by neurotransmitters is an example of _______ signaling.

Which statement correctly describes how protein kinase A can activate genes?

Binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix stimulates the FAK protein-tyrosine kinase.

Ras is a membrane-bound _______ when activated.

Binding of integrins to the extracellular matrix leads to integrin clustering and activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase

MAP kinase is an abbreviation for _______ protein kinase.

Nitric oxide is considered a paracrine signal molecule because it

In signaling pathways, the duration of a single activated pathway (for example, short versus long periods of time) often leads to completely different cellular responses.

Which of the following is not a commonly observed consequence of the binding of a signaling molecule to its cell surface receptor?

The G protein that activates adenylyl cyclase is a

The alpha subunit of the G protein that is associated with the epinephrine receptor, Gs,

Which of the following is an example of endocrine signaling?

Steroid hormones usually act via receptors that

As a cell biologist for a pharmaceutical company, you are charged with developing a drug to inhibit the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Briefly describe the cascade leading to CREB activation and where one might target a drug to block its activation.

What is the basis for the different responses of nerve cells versus heart muscle cells to acetylcholine?

β\betaβ -arrestin binds to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors, binding Raf, MEK, and ERK into the complex and linking the G protein-coupled signal pathway to the ERK signal pathway. This is an example of inhibitory crosstalk.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

NF- $\kappa$ B activates the gene for I $\kappa$ B, which feeds back and inhibits NF- $\kappa$ B activity.

How would a mutation in the TGF- $\beta$ type I receptor that prevented it from being phosphorylated affect the cell?

The alpha subunit of the G protein that is associated with the epinephrine receptor, G_s,

$\beta$ -arrestin binds to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors, binding Raf, MEK, and ERK into the complex and linking the G protein-coupled signal pathway to the ERK signal pathway. This is an example of inhibitory crosstalk.