Question 1

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  renal ischemia. 
B)  bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. 
C)  an anaphylactic reaction. 
D)  an immune complex reaction. 
A)  renal ischemia. 
B)  bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. 
C)  an anaphylactic reaction. 
D)  an immune complex reaction.

Question 2

Glomerular disorders include

Accepted Answer

A)  pyelonephritis. 
B)  obstructive uropathy. 
C)  interstitial cystitis. 
D)  nephrotic syndrome. 
A)  pyelonephritis. 
B)  obstructive uropathy. 
C)  interstitial cystitis. 
D)  nephrotic syndrome.

Question 3

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  always rapidly fatal. 
B)  due to a streptococcal infection. 
C)  associated with supernumerary kidney. 
D)  genetically transmitted. 
A)  always rapidly fatal. 
B)  due to a streptococcal infection. 
C)  associated with supernumerary kidney. 
D)  genetically transmitted.

Question 4

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

Accepted Answer

A)  pain. 
B)  vomiting. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  oliguria. 
A)  pain. 
B)  vomiting. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  oliguria.

Question 5

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

Accepted Answer

A)  positive family history. 
B)  dehydration. 
C)  smoking. 
D)  drinking alcohol. 
A)  positive family history. 
B)  dehydration. 
C)  smoking. 
D)  drinking alcohol.

Question 6

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperlipidemia. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  generalized edema. 
A)  hyperlipidemia. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  hematuria. 
D)  generalized edema.

Question 7

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is

Accepted Answer

A)  urine obstruction. 
B)  systemic bacteremia. 
C)  urethral catheterization. 
D)  infection by E. coli. 
A)  urine obstruction. 
B)  systemic bacteremia. 
C)  urethral catheterization. 
D)  infection by E. coli.

Question 8

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalciuria. 
B)  hypoparathyroidism. 
C)  low urine pH. 
D)  protein intake. 
A)  hypercalciuria. 
B)  hypoparathyroidism. 
C)  low urine pH. 
D)  protein intake.

Question 9

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds

Accepted Answer

A)  "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." 
B)  "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." 
C)  "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." 
D)  "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored." 
A)  "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." 
B)  "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." 
C)  "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." 
D)  "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."

Question 10

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

Accepted Answer

A)  fever. 
B)  oliguria. 
C)  edema. 
D)  hypertension. 
A)  fever. 
B)  oliguria. 
C)  edema. 
D)  hypertension.

Question 11

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia.This happens because

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. 
B)  albumin is excreted in the urine. 
C)  albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. 
D)  malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome. 
A)  hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. 
B)  albumin is excreted in the urine. 
C)  albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. 
D)  malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome.

Question 12

Renal stone formation is affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  urine concentration. 
B)  urine PH. 
C)  metabolic/congenital conditions. 
D)  dietary intake. 
E)  potassium level. 
A)  urine concentration. 
B)  urine PH. 
C)  metabolic/congenital conditions. 
D)  dietary intake. 
E)  potassium level.

Question 13

A common component of renal calculi is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  cholesterol. 
C)  creatinine. 
D)  urobilirubin. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  cholesterol. 
C)  creatinine. 
D)  urobilirubin.

Question 14

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi.The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium oxalate. 
B)  struvite. 
C)  cysteine. 
D)  uric acid crystals. 
A)  potassium oxalate. 
B)  struvite. 
C)  cysteine. 
D)  uric acid crystals.

Question 15

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. 
B)  lipids are not excreted in the urine. 
C)  body fats are catabolized. 
D)  muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy. 
A)  hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. 
B)  lipids are not excreted in the urine. 
C)  body fats are catabolized. 
D)  muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy.

Question 16

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

Accepted Answer

A)  hematuria. 
B)  bacteriuria. 
C)  glycosuria. 
D)  proteinuria. 
A)  hematuria. 
B)  bacteriuria. 
C)  glycosuria. 
D)  proteinuria.

Question 17

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephritic. 
B)  nephralgia. 
C)  nephrotic. 
D)  nephronitis. 
A)  nephritic. 
B)  nephralgia. 
C)  nephrotic. 
D)  nephronitis.

Question 18

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

Accepted Answer

A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  crescentic glomerulonephritis. 
C)  post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 
D)  chronic glomerulonephritis. 
A)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
B)  crescentic glomerulonephritis. 
C)  post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 
D)  chronic glomerulonephritis.

Question 19

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

Accepted Answer

A)  oliguria. 
B)  renal colic. 
C)  urge incontinence. 
D)  an abdominal mass. 
A)  oliguria. 
B)  renal colic. 
C)  urge incontinence. 
D)  an abdominal mass.

Exam 27: Intrarenal Disorders

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

Glomerular disorders include

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia.This happens because

Renal stone formation is affected by

A common component of renal calculi is

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi.The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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