Question 1

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

Accepted Answer

A)  a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary. 
B)  biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive. 
C)  other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out. 
D)  increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture. 
A)  a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary. 
B)  biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive. 
C)  other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out. 
D)  increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture. C

Question 2

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons are unable to transport glucose. 
B)  cardiovascular regulation is impaired. 
C)  the brainstem is depressed. 
D)  the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia. 
A)  neurons are unable to transport glucose. 
B)  cardiovascular regulation is impaired. 
C)  the brainstem is depressed. 
D)  the lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia. D

Question 3

Parkinson disease is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  demyelination of CNS neurons. 
B)  a pyramidal nerve tract lesion. 
C)  insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. 
D)  a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra. 
A)  demyelination of CNS neurons. 
B)  a pyramidal nerve tract lesion. 
C)  insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. 
D)  a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra. D

Question 4

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple sclerosis. 
B)  Guillain-Barré syndrome. 
C)  myasthenia gravis. 
D)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
A)  multiple sclerosis. 
B)  Guillain-Barré syndrome. 
C)  myasthenia gravis. 
D)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 5

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  partial. 
B)  complex. 
C)  focal. 
D)  generalized. 
A)  partial. 
B)  complex. 
C)  focal. 
D)  generalized.

Question 6

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex urination and defecation. 
B)  autonomic dysreflexia. 
C)  absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury. 
D)  motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury. 
A)  reflex urination and defecation. 
B)  autonomic dysreflexia. 
C)  absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury. 
D)  motor spasticity and hyperreflexia below the level of injury.

Question 7

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years. 
B)  MS is more common in men than women. 
C)  There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans. 
D)  There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans. 
A)  The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years. 
B)  MS is more common in men than women. 
C)  There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans. 
D)  There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans.

Question 8

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

Accepted Answer

A)  increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia. 
B)  induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia. 
C)  prevent progression of the disease. 
D)  produce excitation of basal ganglia structures. 
A)  increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia. 
B)  induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia. 
C)  prevent progression of the disease. 
D)  produce excitation of basal ganglia structures.

Question 9

Which neurological disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple sclerosis 
B)  Parkinson disease 
C)  Alzheimer disease 
D)  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
A)  Multiple sclerosis 
B)  Parkinson disease 
C)  Alzheimer disease 
D)  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 10

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple sclerosis. 
B)  Guillain-Barré syndrome. 
C)  myasthenia gravis. 
D)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
A)  multiple sclerosis. 
B)  Guillain-Barré syndrome. 
C)  myasthenia gravis. 
D)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 11

It is true that Bell palsy is a

Accepted Answer

A)  permanent facial paralysis after stroke. 
B)  painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve. 
C)  paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. 
D)  herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome. 
A)  permanent facial paralysis after stroke. 
B)  painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve. 
C)  paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. 
D)  herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome.

Question 12

_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  Spina bifida occulta 
B)  Meningocele 
C)  Myelomeningocele 
D)  Meningomyelocele 
A)  Spina bifida occulta 
B)  Meningocele 
C)  Myelomeningocele 
D)  Meningomyelocele

Question 13

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epileptic 
B)  Idiopathic 
C)  Partial 
D)  Absence 
A)  Epileptic 
B)  Idiopathic 
C)  Partial 
D)  Absence

Question 14

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  Guillain-Barré syndrome. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
C)  Parkinson disease. 
D)  hydrocephalus. 
A)  Guillain-Barré syndrome. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
C)  Parkinson disease. 
D)  hydrocephalus.

Question 15

Which are common causes of acquired parkinsonism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons 
B)  History of infection 
C)  History of intoxication 
D)  History of trauma 
E)  Seizure disorder 
A)  Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons 
B)  History of infection 
C)  History of intoxication 
D)  History of trauma 
E)  Seizure disorder

Question 16

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

Accepted Answer

A)  intention tremor and akinesia. 
B)  rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity. 
C)  ataxia and intention tremor. 
D)  skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor. 
A)  intention tremor and akinesia. 
B)  rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity. 
C)  ataxia and intention tremor. 
D)  skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor.

Question 17

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because

Accepted Answer

A)  viral damage can be inhibited. 
B)  demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms. 
C)  steroids reverse the progression of the disease. 
D)  steroids inhibit synaptic degradation of neurotransmitters. 
A)  viral damage can be inhibited. 
B)  demyelination is mediated by immune mechanisms. 
C)  steroids reverse the progression of the disease. 
D)  steroids inhibit synaptic degradation of neurotransmitters.

Question 18

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertension and bradycardia. 
B)  hypotension and shock. 
C)  pallor and vasoconstriction above the level of injury. 
D)  extreme pain below the level of injury. 
A)  hypertension and bradycardia. 
B)  hypotension and shock. 
C)  pallor and vasoconstriction above the level of injury. 
D)  extreme pain below the level of injury.

Question 19

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of

Accepted Answer

A)  neural tube defects. 
B)  seizure disorders. 
C)  cerebral palsy. 
D)  hydrocephalus. 
A)  neural tube defects. 
B)  seizure disorders. 
C)  cerebral palsy. 
D)  hydrocephalus.

Question 20

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slower rate of action potential conduction 
B)  Increased rate of action potential conduction 
C)  Facilitation of action potential initiation 
D)  Faster rate of repolarization 
A)  Slower rate of action potential conduction 
B)  Increased rate of action potential conduction 
C)  Facilitation of action potential initiation 
D)  Faster rate of repolarization

Exam 45: Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that

Parkinson disease is associated with

Ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by

Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis?

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they

Which neurological disorder is commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig disease?

Upper extremity weakness in association with degeneration of CNS neurons is characteristic of

It is true that Bell palsy is a

_________ is a form of spina bifida in which a saclike cyst filled with CSF protrudes through the spinal defect but does not involve the spinal cord.

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

A patient who experiences early symptoms of muscle twitching, cramping, and stiffness of the hands may be demonstrating signs of

Which are common causes of acquired parkinsonism?

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include

Steroids may be used in the management of acute exacerbation of symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis, because

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by

It is recommended that women of childbearing age take folic acid daily for prevention of

What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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