Question 1

The largest component of bone is

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium. 
B)  water. 
C)  vitamin D. 
D)  osteoblasts. 
A)  calcium. 
B)  water. 
C)  vitamin D. 
D)  osteoblasts. A

Question 2

It is true that synovial fluid

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in spinal disks. 
B)  provides protection. 
C)  is reduced in volume with injury. 
D)  becomes thinner with aging. 
A)  is found in spinal disks. 
B)  provides protection. 
C)  is reduced in volume with injury. 
D)  becomes thinner with aging. B

Question 3

It is true that articular cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)  is comprised of mostly protein. 
B)  dries out with aging. 
C)  spreads weight load. 
D)  needs synovial fluid lubrication. 
E)  has limited regeneration ability. 
A)  is comprised of mostly protein. 
B)  dries out with aging. 
C)  spreads weight load. 
D)  needs synovial fluid lubrication. 
E)  has limited regeneration ability. B, C, D, E

Question 4

The neurotransmitter released from the a-motor neuron at the motor end plate is

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  acetylcholine.

Question 5

The correct sequence of bone healing following fracture is

Accepted Answer

A)  hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling. 
B)  hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, remodeling, ossification. 
C)  callous formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling. 
D)  hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, callous formation, ossification, remodeling. 
A)  hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling. 
B)  hematoma formation, callous formation, fibrocartilage formation, remodeling, ossification. 
C)  callous formation, hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, ossification, remodeling. 
D)  hematoma formation, fibrocartilage formation, callous formation, ossification, remodeling.

Question 6

The epiphyseal plate

Accepted Answer

A)  provides support to long bones. 
B)  prevents overactivity of osteoblasts. 
C)  allows for continued bone lengthening during maturation. 
D)  has an unknown function. 
A)  provides support to long bones. 
B)  prevents overactivity of osteoblasts. 
C)  allows for continued bone lengthening during maturation. 
D)  has an unknown function.

Question 7

Radicular pain is pain caused by a

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue injury. 
B)  compressed nerve. 
C)  fracture of long bones. 
D)  meniscal tear. 
A)  tissue injury. 
B)  compressed nerve. 
C)  fracture of long bones. 
D)  meniscal tear.

Question 8

Osteoclast activity leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  hardening of the bones. 
B)  resorption of bone. 
C)  deposition of bone. 
D)  arthritis. 
A)  hardening of the bones. 
B)  resorption of bone. 
C)  deposition of bone. 
D)  arthritis.

Question 9

Osteoblastic activity is greatest

Accepted Answer

A)  in areas of increased mechanical stress. 
B)  during menopause. 
C)  with vitamin D deficiency. 
D)  with disuse due to immobility. 
A)  in areas of increased mechanical stress. 
B)  during menopause. 
C)  with vitamin D deficiency. 
D)  with disuse due to immobility.

Question 10

Troponin is a muscle protein that

Accepted Answer

A)  binds the myosin protein to form cross-bridges. 
B)  forms the noncontractile Z lines. 
C)  binds calcium and regulates tropomyosin. 
D)  hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for contraction. 
A)  binds the myosin protein to form cross-bridges. 
B)  forms the noncontractile Z lines. 
C)  binds calcium and regulates tropomyosin. 
D)  hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for contraction.

Question 11

Skeletal changes with increased age include

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy of cartilage. 
B)  decreased bone mass. 
C)  imbalance in bone resorption and formation. 
D)  loss of bone marrow. 
E)  dehydration of intervertebral disks. 
A)  hypertrophy of cartilage. 
B)  decreased bone mass. 
C)  imbalance in bone resorption and formation. 
D)  loss of bone marrow. 
E)  dehydration of intervertebral disks.

Question 12

Menisci facilitate the rotation of the

Accepted Answer

A)  neck. 
B)  elbow. 
C)  knee. 
D)  spine. 
A)  neck. 
B)  elbow. 
C)  knee. 
D)  spine.

Question 13

The primary determinant of tendon strength is

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen cross-linking. 
B)  actin-myosin cross-bridging. 
C)  elastin composition. 
D)  calcium balance. 
A)  collagen cross-linking. 
B)  actin-myosin cross-bridging. 
C)  elastin composition. 
D)  calcium balance.

Question 14

The structures that connect muscle to bone are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  trabeculae. 
D)  synovial sheaths. 
A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  trabeculae. 
D)  synovial sheaths.

Question 15

Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  more forceful contraction when stimulated. 
B)  inefficient use of ATP. 
C)  more rapid onset of muscle fatigue. 
D)  reduced force of contraction. 
A)  more forceful contraction when stimulated. 
B)  inefficient use of ATP. 
C)  more rapid onset of muscle fatigue. 
D)  reduced force of contraction.

Question 16

Articular cartilage is avascular and

Accepted Answer

A)  completely incapable of regeneration. 
B)  nonliving. 
C)  nourished by synovial fluid. 
D)  rarely damaged. 
A)  completely incapable of regeneration. 
B)  nonliving. 
C)  nourished by synovial fluid. 
D)  rarely damaged.

Question 17

The electrolyte that must be present in cellular cytoplasm for muscle contraction to occur is

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  calcium. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  calcium.

Question 18

When oxygen for muscle activity from the respiratory vascular systems is insufficient for muscle activity, the body breaks down glucose, which results in

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  lactic acid buildup in muscle. 
C)  a large energy source. 
D)  exhaustion. 
A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  lactic acid buildup in muscle. 
C)  a large energy source. 
D)  exhaustion.

Question 19

Diarthroses are joints that

Accepted Answer

A)  hold the skull bones together. 
B)  allow little or no joint movement. 
C)  contain synovial fluid. 
D)  connect bony segments by a fibrocartilaginous plate. 
A)  hold the skull bones together. 
B)  allow little or no joint movement. 
C)  contain synovial fluid. 
D)  connect bony segments by a fibrocartilaginous plate.

Question 20

The parathyroid gland functions to facilitate

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium absorption from the gut. 
B)  bone resorption. 
C)  calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D)  vitamin C action. 
E)  osteoblast production. 
A)  calcium absorption from the gut. 
B)  bone resorption. 
C)  calcium reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D)  vitamin C action. 
E)  osteoblast production.

Exam 50: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

The largest component of bone is

It is true that synovial fluid

It is true that articular cartilage

The neurotransmitter released from the a-motor neuron at the motor end plate is

The correct sequence of bone healing following fracture is

The epiphyseal plate

Radicular pain is pain caused by a

Osteoclast activity leads to

Osteoblastic activity is greatest

Troponin is a muscle protein that

Skeletal changes with increased age include

Menisci facilitate the rotation of the

The primary determinant of tendon strength is

The structures that connect muscle to bone are referred to as

Moderate stretching of a muscle at rest results in a(n)

Articular cartilage is avascular and

The electrolyte that must be present in cellular cytoplasm for muscle contraction to occur is

When oxygen for muscle activity from the respiratory vascular systems is insufficient for muscle activity, the body breaks down glucose, which results in

Diarthroses are joints that

The parathyroid gland functions to facilitate

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and AIDS

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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